Audio Captioning is the task of describing audio using text. The general approach is to use an audio encoder to encode the audio (example: PANN, CAV-MAE), and to use a decoder (example: transformer) to generate the text.
To judge the quality of audio captions, though machine translation metrics (BLEU, METEOR, ROUGE) and image captioning metrics (SPICE, CIDER) are used, they are not very well-suited. Attempts have been made to use pretrained language model based metrics such as Sentence-BERT.
데이터셋
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AudioCaps is a dataset of sounds with event descriptions that was introduced for the task of audio captioning, with sounds sourced from the AudioSet dataset. Annotators were provided the audio tracks together with category hints (and with additional video hints if needed). Source: Audio Retrieval with Natural Language Queries Image source: https://audiocaps.github.io/
Clotho is an audio captioning dataset, consisting of 4981 audio samples, and each audio sample has five captions (a total of 24 905 captions). Audio samples are of 15 to 30 s duration and captions are eight to 20 words long. Source: https://zenodo.org/record/3490684 Image Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09387
This is a dataset containing audio captions and corresponding audio tags for a number of 3930 audio files of the TAU Urban Acoustic Scenes 2019 development dataset (airport, public square, and park). The files were annotated using a web-based tool. Each file is annotated by multiple annotators that provided tags and a one-sentence description of the audio content.
Despite impressive advancements in video understanding, most efforts remain limited to coarse-grained or visual-only video tasks. However, real-world videos encompass omni-modal information (vision, audio, and speech) with a series of events forming a cohesive storyline. The lack of multi-modal video data with fine-grained event annotations and the high cost of manual labeling are major obstacles to comprehensive omni-modality video perception. To address this gap, we propose an automatic pipeline consisting of high-quality multi-modal video filtering, semantically coherent omni-modal event boundary detection, and cross-modal correlation-aware event captioning. In this way, we present LongVALE, the first-ever Vision-Audio-Language Event understanding benchmark comprising 105K omni-modal events with precise temporal boundaries and detailed relation-aware captions within 8.4K high-quality long videos. Further, we build a baseline that leverages LongVALE to enable video large language models (LLMs) for omni-modality fine-grained temporal video understanding for the first time. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and great potential of LongVALE in advancing comprehensive multi-modal video understanding.