Scene Graph Generation

The COCO (Common Objects in Context) dataset is a large-scale object detection, segmentation, and captioning dataset. It is designed to encourage research on a wide variety of object categories and is commonly used for benchmarking computer vision models. It is an essential dataset for researchers and developers working on object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation tasks.

Visual Genome contains Visual Question Answering data in a multi-choice setting. It consists of 101,174 images from MSCOCO with 1.7 million QA pairs, 17 questions per image on average. Compared to the Visual Question Answering dataset, Visual Genome represents a more balanced distribution over 6 question types: What, Where, When, Who, Why and How. The Visual Genome dataset also presents 108K images with densely annotated objects, attributes and relationships. Source: RaAM: A Relation-aware Attention Model for Visual Question Answering Image Source: Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotations

The GQA dataset is a large-scale visual question answering dataset with real images from the Visual Genome dataset and balanced question-answer pairs. Each training and validation image is also associated with scene graph annotations describing the classes and attributes of those objects in the scene, and their pairwise relations. Along with the images and question-answer pairs, the GQA dataset provides two types of pre-extracted visual features for each image – convolutional grid features of size 7×7×2048 extracted from a ResNet-101 network trained on ImageNet, and object detection features of size Ndet×2048 (where Ndet is the number of detected objects in each image with a maximum of 100 per image) from a Faster R-CNN detector. Source: Language-Conditioned Graph Networks for Relational Reasoning Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.09506.pdf

The Visual Relationship Dataset (VRD) contains 4000 images for training and 1000 for testing annotated with visual relationships. Bounding boxes are annotated with a label containing 100 unary predicates. These labels refer to animals, vehicles, clothes and generic objects. Pairs of bounding boxes are annotated with a label containing 70 binary predicates. These labels refer to actions, prepositions, spatial relations, comparatives or preposition phrases. The dataset has 37993 instances of visual relationships and 6672 types of relationships. 1877 instances of relationships occur only in the test set and they are used to evaluate the zero-shot learning scenario. Source: Compensating Supervision Incompleteness with Prior Knowledge in Semantic Image Interpretation Image Source: https://cs.stanford.edu/people/ranjaykrishna/vrd/

A novel dataset and benchmark, which features 1482 RGB-D scans of 478 environments across multiple time steps. Each scene includes several objects whose positions change over time, together with ground truth annotations of object instances and their respective 6DoF mappings among re-scans. Source: RIO: 3D Object Instance Re-Localization in Changing Indoor Environments

3DSSG provides 3D semantic scene graphs for 3RScan. A semantic scene graph is defined by a set of tuples between nodes and edges where nodes represent specific 3D object instances in a 3D scan. Nodes are defined by its semantics, a hierarchy of classes as well as a set of attributes that describe the visual and physical appearance of the object instance and their affordances. The edges in our graphs are the semantic relationships (predicates) between the nodes such as standing on, hanging on, more comfortable than or same material.

PSG dataset has 48749 images with 133 object classes (80 objects and 53 stuff) and 56 predicate classes. It annotates inter-segment relations based on COCO panoptic segmentation.

4D-OR includes a total of 6734 scenes, recorded by six calibrated RGB-D Kinect sensors 1 mounted to the ceiling of the OR, with one frame-per-second, providing synchronized RGB and depth images. We provide fused point cloud sequences of entire scenes, automatically annotated human 6D poses and 3D bounding boxes for OR objects. Furthermore, we provide SSG annotations for each step of the surgery together with the clinical roles of all the humans in the scenes, e.g., nurse, head surgeon, anesthesiologist.

Operating rooms (ORs) are complex, high-stakes environments requiring precise understanding of interactions among medical staff, tools, and equipment for enhancing surgical assistance, situational awareness, and patient safety. Current datasets fall short in scale, realism and do not capture the multimodal nature of OR scenes, limiting progress in OR modeling. To this end, we introduce MM-OR, a realistic and large-scale multimodal spatiotemporal OR dataset, and the first dataset to enable multimodal scene graph generation. MM-OR captures comprehensive OR scenes containing RGB-D data, detail views, audio, speech transcripts, robotic logs, and tracking data and is annotated with panoptic segmentations, semantic scene graphs, and downstream task labels. Further, we propose MM2SG, the first multimodal large vision-language model for scene graph generation, and through extensive experiments, demonstrate its ability to effectively leverage multimodal inputs. Together, MM-OR and MM2SG establish a new benchmark for holistic OR understanding, and open the path towards multimodal scene analysis in complex, high-stakes environments. Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.02579

Contrary to prior scene graph datasets, Haystack contains explicit negative annotations, i.e. annotations that a given relation does not have a certain predicate class. Negative annotations are helpful especially in the field of scene graph generation and open up a whole new set of possibilities to improve current scene graph generation models. Haystack is 100% compatible with existing panoptic scene graph datasets and can easily be integrated with existing evaluation pipelines.

Scene Graph Generation (SGG) converts visual scenes into structured graph representations, providing deeper scene understanding for complex vision tasks. However, existing SGG models often overlook essential spatial relationships and struggle with generalization in open-vocabulary contexts. To address these limitations, we propose LLaVA-SpaceSGG, a multimodal large language model (MLLM) designed for open-vocabulary SGG with enhanced spatial relation modeling. To train it, we collect the SGG instruction-tuning dataset, named SpaceSGG. This dataset is constructed by combining publicly available datasets and synthesizing data using open-source models within our data construction pipeline. It combines object locations, object relations, and depth information, resulting in three data formats: spatial SGG description, question-answering, and conversation. To enhance the transfer of MLLMs' inherent capabilities to the SGG task, we introduce a two-stage training paradigm. Experiments show that LLaVA-SpaceSGG outperforms other open-vocabulary SGG methods, boosting recall by 8.6% and mean recall by 28.4% compared to the baseline. Our codebase, dataset, and trained models are publicly accessible on GitHub at the following URL: https://github.com/Endlinc/LLaVA-SpaceSGG.