Camouflaged Object Segmentation

Sensory ecologists have found that this s background matching camouflage strategy works by deceiving the visual perceptual system of the observer. Naturally, addressing concealed object detection (COD) requires a significant amount of visual perception knowledge. Understanding COD has not only scientific value in itself, but it also important for applications in many fundamental fields, such as computer vision (e.g., for search-and-rescue work, or rare species discovery), medicine (e.g., polyp segmentation, lung infection segmentation), agriculture (e.g., locust detection to prevent invasion), and art (e.g., recreational art). The high intrinsic similarities between the targets and non-targets make COD far more challenging than traditional object segmentation/detection. Although it has gained increased attention recently, studies on COD still remain scarce, mainly due to the lack of a sufficiently large dataset and a standard benchmark like Pascal-VOC, ImageNet, MS-COCO, ADE20K, and DAVIS. To build the large-scale COD dataset, we build the COD10K, which contains 10,000 images (5,066 camouflaged, 3,000 background, 1,934 noncamouflaged), divided into 10 super-classes, and 78 sub-classes (69 camouflaged, nine non-camouflaged) which are collected from multiple photography websites.

Camouflaged Object (CAMO) dataset specifically designed for the task of camouflaged object segmentation. We focus on two categories, i.e., naturally camouflaged objects and artificially camouflaged objects, which usually correspond to animals and humans in the real world, respectively. Camouflaged object images consists of 1250 images (1000 images for the training set and 250 images for the testing set). Non-camouflaged object images are collected from the MS-COCO dataset (1000 images for the training set and 250 images for the testing set). CAMO has objectness mask ground-truth.

As far as we know, there only exists one large camouflaged object testing dataset, the COD10K, while the sizes of other testing datasets are less than 300. We then contribute another camouflaged object testing dataset, namely NC4K, which includes 4,121 images downloaded from the Internet. The new testing dataset can be used to evaluate the generalization ability of existing models.

The original Moving Camouflaged Animals (MoCA) Dataset includes 37K frames from 141 YouTube Video sequences with resolution and sampling rate of 720 × 1280 and 24fps in the majority of cases. The dataset covers 67 types of animals moving in natural scenes, but some are not camouflaged animals. Also, the ground truth of the original dataset is bounding boxes rather than dense segmentation masks, which makes it hard to evaluate the VCOD segmentation performance. To this end, we reorganize the dataset as MoCA-Mask and build a comprehensive benchmark with more comprehensive evaluation criteria.

CAMO++ is a dataset for camouflaged object segmentation. This dataset increases the number of images with hierarchical pixel-wise ground-truths. The authors also provide a benchmark suite for the task of camouflaged instance segmentation.

The nine (moving camera) videos in this benchmark exhibit camouflaged animals that are difficult to see in a single frame, but can be detected based upon their motion across frames.

We consider the problem of referring camouflaged object detection (Ref-COD), a new task that aims to segment specified camouflaged objects based on a small set of referring images with salient target objects.