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Video Captioning

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하위 태스크
6
평가표
13
보존된 평가 기록
86

Video Captioning is a task of automatic captioning a video by understanding the action and event in the video which can help in the retrieval of the video efficiently through text.

Source: NITS-VC System for VATEX Video Captioning Challenge 2020

데이터셋

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Kinetics

The Kinetics dataset is a large-scale, high-quality dataset for human action recognition in videos. The dataset consists of around 500,000 video clips covering 600 human action classes with at least 600 video clips for each action class. Each video clip lasts around 10 seconds and is labeled with a single action class. The videos are collected from YouTube. Source: Self-supervised Visual Feature Learning with Deep Neural Networks: A Survey

MSR-VTT

MSR-VTT (Microsoft Research Video to Text) is a large-scale dataset for the open domain video captioning, which consists of 10,000 video clips from 20 categories, and each video clip is annotated with 20 English sentences by Amazon Mechanical Turks. There are about 29,000 unique words in all captions. The standard splits uses 6,513 clips for training, 497 clips for validation, and 2,990 clips for testing. Source: Learning to Discretely Compose Reasoning Module Networksfor Video Captioning

MSVD

The Microsoft Research Video Description Corpus (MSVD) dataset consists of about 120K sentences collected during the summer of 2010. Workers on Mechanical Turk were paid to watch a short video snippet and then summarize the action in a single sentence. The result is a set of roughly parallel descriptions of more than 2,000 video snippets. Because the workers were urged to complete the task in the language of their choice, both paraphrase and bilingual alternations are captured in the data. Source: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52422&from=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fdownloads%2F38cf15fd-b8df-477e-a4e4-a4680caa75af%2F Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1609.06782.pdf

HowTo100M

HowTo100M is a large-scale dataset of narrated videos with an emphasis on instructional videos where content creators teach complex tasks with an explicit intention of explaining the visual content on screen. HowTo100M features a total of: - 136M video clips with captions sourced from 1.2M Youtube videos (15 years of video) - 23k activities from domains such as cooking, hand crafting, personal care, gardening or fitness Each video is associated with a narration available as subtitles automatically downloaded from Youtube. Source: HowTo100M

WebVid

WebVid contains 10 million video clips with captions, sourced from the web. The videos are diverse and rich in their content. Both the full 10M set and a 2.5M subset is available for download: https://github.com/m-bain/webvid-dataset

ActivityNet Captions

The ActivityNet Captions dataset is built on ActivityNet v1.3 which includes 20k YouTube untrimmed videos with 100k caption annotations. The videos are 120 seconds long on average. Most of the videos contain over 3 annotated events with corresponding start/end time and human-written sentences, which contain 13.5 words on average. The number of videos in train/validation/test split is 10024/4926/5044, respectively. Source: Bidirectional Attentive Fusion with Context Gating for Dense Video Captioning Image Source: https://cs.stanford.edu/people/ranjaykrishna/densevid/

YouCook2

YouCook2 is the largest task-oriented, instructional video dataset in the vision community. It contains 2000 long untrimmed videos from 89 cooking recipes; on average, each distinct recipe has 22 videos. The procedure steps for each video are annotated with temporal boundaries and described by imperative English sentences (see the example below). The videos were downloaded from YouTube and are all in the third-person viewpoint. All the videos are unconstrained and can be performed by individual persons at their houses with unfixed cameras. YouCook2 contains rich recipe types and various cooking styles from all over the world. Source: http://youcook2.eecs.umich.edu/ Image Source: https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/20594

VATEX

VATEX is multilingual, large, linguistically complex, and diverse dataset in terms of both video and natural language descriptions. It has two tasks for video-and-language research: (1) Multilingual Video Captioning, aimed at describing a video in various languages with a compact unified captioning model, and (2) Video-guided Machine Translation, to translate a source language description into the target language using the video information as additional spatiotemporal context. Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03493.pdf Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.03493.pdf

TGIF

The Tumblr GIF (TGIF) dataset contains 100K animated GIFs and 120K sentences describing visual content of the animated GIFs. The animated GIFs have been collected from Tumblr, from randomly selected posts published between May and June of 2015. The dataset provides the URLs of animated GIFs. The sentences are collected via crowdsourcing, with a carefully designed annotation interface that ensures high quality dataset. There is one sentence per animated GIF for the training and validation splits, and three sentences per GIF for the test split. The dataset can be used to evaluate animated GIF/video description techniques. Source: GitHub

YouCook

This data set was prepared from 88 open-source YouTube cooking videos. The YouCook dataset contains videos of people cooking various recipes. The videos were downloaded from YouTube and are all in the third-person viewpoint; they represent a significantly more challenging visual problem than existing cooking and kitchen datasets (the background kitchen/scene is different for many and most videos have dynamic camera changes). In addition, frame-by-frame object and action annotations are provided for training data (as well as a number of precomputed low-level features). Finally, each video has a number of human provided natural language descriptions (on average, there are eight different descriptions per video). This dataset has been created to serve as a benchmark in describing complex real-world videos with natural language descriptions. Source: A Thousand Frames in Just a Few Words: Lingual Description of Videos through Latent Topics and Sparse Object Stitching

MTL-AQA

A new multitask action quality assessment (AQA) dataset, the largest to date, comprising of more than 1600 diving samples; contains detailed annotations for fine-grained action recognition, commentary generation, and estimating the AQA score. Videos from multiple angles provided wherever available. Source: What and How Well You Performed? A Multitask Learning Approach to Action Quality Assessment

VALUE

VALUE is a Video-And-Language Understanding Evaluation benchmark to test models that are generalizable to diverse tasks, domains, and datasets. It is an assemblage of 11 VidL (video-and-language) datasets over 3 popular tasks: (i) text-to-video retrieval; (ii) video question answering; and (iii) video captioning. VALUE benchmark aims to cover a broad range of video genres, video lengths, data volumes, and task difficulty levels. Rather than focusing on single-channel videos with visual information only, VALUE promotes models that leverage information from both video frames and their associated subtitles, as well as models that share knowledge across multiple tasks. The datasets used for the VALUE benchmark are: TVQA, TVR, TVC, How2R, How2QA, VIOLIN, VLEP, YouCook2 (YC2C, YC2R), VATEX

How2QA

To collect How2QA for video QA task, the same set of selected video clips are presented to another group of AMT workers for multichoice QA annotation. Each worker is assigned with one video segment and asked to write one question with four answer candidates (one correctand three distractors). Similarly, narrations are hidden from the workers to ensure the collected QA pairs are not biased by subtitles. Similar to TVQA, the start and end points are provided for the relevant moment for each question. After filtering low-quality annotations, the final dataset contains 44,007 QA pairs for 22k 60-second clips selected from 9035 videos. Source: HERO: Hierarchical Encoder for Video+Language Omni-representation Pre-training

Violin

Video-and-Language Inference is the task of joint multimodal understanding of video and text. Given a video clip with aligned subtitles as premise, paired with a natural language hypothesis based on the video content, a model needs to infer whether the hypothesis is entailed or contradicted by the given video clip. The Violin dataset is a dataset for this task which consists of 95,322 video-hypothesis pairs from 15,887 video clips, spanning over 582 hours of video. These video clips contain rich content with diverse temporal dynamics, event shifts, and people interactions, collected from two sources: (i) popular TV shows, and (ii) movie clips from YouTube channels. Source: https://github.com/jimmy646/violin Image Source: https://github.com/jimmy646/violin

TVC

TV show Caption is a large-scale multimodal captioning dataset, containing 261,490 caption descriptions paired with 108,965 short video moments. TVC is unique as its captions may also describe dialogues/subtitles while the captions in the other datasets are only describing the visual content. Source: https://tvr.cs.unc.edu/tvc.html Image Source: https://github.com/jayleicn/TVCaption

MaSS

MaSS (Multilingual corpus of Sentence-aligned Spoken utterances) is an extension of the CMU Wilderness Multilingual Speech Dataset, a speech dataset based on recorded readings of the New Testament. MaSS extends it by providing a large and clean dataset of 8,130 parallel spoken utterances across 8 languages (56 language pairs). The covered languages are: Basque, English, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian and Spanish. Source: MaSS: A Large and Clean Multilingual Corpus of Sentence-aligned Spoken Utterances Extracted from the Bible Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.12895v3.pdf

ViTT

The ViTT dataset consists of human produced segment-level annotations for 8,169 videos. Of these, 5,840 videos have been annotated once, and the rest of the videos have been annotated twice or more. A total of 12,461 sets of annotations are released. The videos in the dataset are from the Youtube-8M dataset. An annotation has the following format: { "id": "FmTp", "annotations": [ { "timestamp": 260, "tag": "Opening" }, { "timestamp": 16000, "tag": "Displaying technique" }, { "timestamp": 23990, "tag": "Showing foot positioning" }, { "timestamp": 55530, "tag": "Demonstrating crossover" }, { "timestamp": 114100, "tag": "Closing" } ] } Source: Video Timeline Tags (ViTT)

EgoExoLearn

EgoExoLearn is a fascinating dataset designed to bridge the gap between egocentric and exocentric views of procedural activities. 1. What Is EgoExoLearn? EgoExoLearn is a large-scale dataset that emulates how humans learn by observing others. It focuses on the process of asynchronous demonstration following. Participants in the dataset record egocentric videos as they perform tasks. These videos are guided by exocentric-view demonstration videos. In simpler terms, imagine someone watching a demonstration video (from an external perspective) and then replicating the same task while recording their own point-of-view video. 2. Dataset Details: EgoExoLearn dataset spans 120 hours and covers scenarios from daily life and specialized laboratories. It contains: - Egocentric videos: These are recorded by individuals executing tasks. - Demonstration videos: These show the same tasks from an external viewpoint. - Gaze data: High-quality gaze information accompanies the videos. - Multimodal annotations: Detailed annotations provide context and insights. 3. Applications and Benchmarks: The EgoExoLearn dataset serves as a playground for modeling the human ability and thus provides a playground to bridge asynchronous procedural actions from different viewpoints. It enables new benchmarks such as: - Cross-view association: Linking actions observed from different perspectives. - Cross-view action planning: Anticipating and planning actions based on both ego and exo views. - Cross-view referenced skill assessment: Evaluating skills across viewpoints. Using Exo-view demonstrations as guidance for better ego-view skill assessment. 4. Why Is It Important? - Understanding how we map others' activities into our own point of view is a fundamental human skill. - EgoExoLearn paves the way for creating AI agents capable of seamlessly learning by observing humans in the real world. (1) EgoExoLearn: A Dataset for Bridging Asynchronous Ego- and Exo-centric .... https://arxiv.org/html/2403.16182v1. (2) EgoExoLearn: A Dataset for Bridging Asynchronous Ego- and Exo-centric .... https://egoexolearn.github.io/. (3) EgoExoLearn: A Dataset for Bridging Asynchronous Ego- and Exo-centric .... https://arxiv.org/abs/2403.16182. (4) EgoExoLearn: A Dataset for Bridging Asynchronous Ego- and Exo-centric .... https://allainews.com/item/egoexolearn-a-dataset-for-bridging-asynchronous-ego-and-exo-centric-view-of-procedural-activities-in-real-world-2024-03-26/. (5) undefined. https://github.com/OpenGVLab/EgoExoLearn/.

2024 AI City Challenge

The AI City Challenge, hosted at CVPR 2024, focuses on harnessing AI to enhance operational efficiency in physical settings such as retail and warehouse environments, and Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS). It aims to utilize AI for actionable insights from sensor data, like camera feeds, to improve traffic safety and transportation outcomes. This year, the challenge spotlights two key areas with significant potential: retail business and ITS.

How2R

Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) is used to collect annotations on HowTo100M videos. 30k 60-second clips are randomly sampled from 9,421 videos and present each clip to the turkers, who are asked to select a video segment containing a single, self-contained scene. After this segment selection step, another group of workers are asked to write descriptions for each displayed segment. Narrations are not provided to the workers to ensure that their written queries are based on visual content only. These final video segments are 10-20 seconds long on average, and the length of queries ranges from 8 to 20 words. From this process, 51,390 queries are collected for 24k 60-second clips from 9,371 videos in HowTo100M, on average 2-3 queries per clip. The video clips and its associated queries are split into 80% train, 10% val and 10% test. Source: HERO: Hierarchical Encoder for Video+Language Omni-representation Pre-training

V2C

Contains ~9K videos of human agents performing various actions, annotated with 3 types of commonsense descriptions.

SkyEye-968k

SkyEyeGPT: Unifying Remote Sensing Vision-Language Tasks via Instruction Tuning with Large Language Model

VidChapters-7M

VidChapters-7M is a dataset of 817K user-chaptered videos including 7M chapters in total. VidChapters-7M is automatically created from videos online in a scalable manner by scraping user-annotated chapters and hence without any additional manual annotation. It is designed for training and evaluating models for video chapter generation with or without ground-truth boundaries, and video chapter grounding, as well as for video-language pretraining.

MSRVTT-CTN

MSRVTT-CTN Dataset This dataset contains CTN annotations for the MSRVTT-CTN benchmark dataset in JSON format. It has three files for the train, test, and validation splits. For project details, visit https://narrativebridge.github.io/. ## Dataset Structure Each JSON file contains a dictionary where the keys are the video IDs and the values are the corresponding Causal-Temporal Narrative (CTN) captions. The CTN captions are represented as a dictionary with two keys: "Cause" and "Effect", containing the cause and effect statements, respectively. Example: json { "video_id_1": { "Cause": "a person performed an action", "Effect": "a specific outcome occurred" }, "video_id_2": { "Cause": "another cause statement", "Effect": "another effect statement" } } ## Loading the Datasets To load the datasets, use a JSON parsing library in your preferred programming language. For example, in Python, you can use the json module: python import json with open("MSRVTT_CTN_train.json", "r") as f: msrvtt_train_data = json.load(f) # Access the CTN captions for video_id, ctn_caption in msrvtt_train_data.items(): cause = ctn_caption["Cause"] effect = ctn_caption["Effect"] # Process the cause and effect statements as needed ## License The MSRVTT-CTN benchmark dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

MSVD-CTN

MSVD-CTN Dataset This dataset contains CTN annotations for the MSVD-CTN benchmark dataset in JSON format. It has three files for the train, test, and validation splits. For project details, visit https://narrativebridge.github.io/. ## Dataset Structure Each JSON file contains a dictionary where the keys are the video IDs and the values are the corresponding Causal-Temporal Narrative (CTN) captions. The CTN captions are represented as a dictionary with two keys: "Cause" and "Effect", containing the cause and effect statements, respectively. Example: json { "video_id_1": { "Cause": "a person performed an action", "Effect": "a specific outcome occurred" }, "video_id_2": { "Cause": "another cause statement", "Effect": "another effect statement" } } ## Loading the Datasets To load the datasets, use a JSON parsing library in your preferred programming language. For example, in Python, you can use the json module: python import json with open("msvd_CTN_train.json", "r") as f: msvd_train_data = json.load(f) # Access the CTN captions for video_id, ctn_caption in msvd_train_data.items(): cause = ctn_caption["Cause"] effect = ctn_caption["Effect"] # Process the cause and effect statements as needed ## License The MSVD-CTN benchmark dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license.

Youku-mPLUG

Youku-mPLUG is a large Chinese high-quality video-language dataset which is collected from Youku.com, a well-known Chinese video-sharing website, with strict criteria of safety, diversity, and quality. It contains 10 million video-text pairs for pre-training and 0.3 millon videos for downstream benchmarks covering Video-Text Retrieval, Video Captioning and Video Category Classification. Source: Youku-mPLUG: A 10 Million Large-scale Chinese Video-Language Dataset for Pre-training and Benchmarks Image Source: Youku-mPLUG: A 10 Million Large-scale Chinese Video-Language Dataset for Pre-training and Benchmarks

M-VAD Names

The dataset contains the annotations of characters' visual appearances, in the form of tracks of face bounding boxes, and the associations with characters' textual mentions, when available. The detection and annotation of the visual appearances of characters in each video clip of each movie was achieved through a semi-automatic approach. The released dataset contains more than 24k annotated video clips, including 63k visual tracks and 34k textual mentions, all associated with their character identities. Source: M-VAD Names Dataset

Shot2Story20K

A short clip of video may contain progression of multiple events and an interesting story line. A human needs to capture both the event in every shot and associate them together to understand the story behind it. In this work, we present a new multi-shot video understanding benchmark Shot2Story with detailed shot-level captions and comprehensive video summaries. To facilitate better semantic understanding of videos, we provide captions for both visual signals and human narrations. We design several distinct tasks including single-shot video and narration captioning, multi-shot video summarization, and video retrieval with shot descriptions. Preliminary experiments show some challenges to generate a long and comprehensive video summary. Nevertheless, the generated imperfect summaries can already significantly boost the performance of existing video understanding tasks such as video question-answering, promoting an underexplored setting of video understanding with detailed summaries.

Hindi MSR-VTT

This dataset is the Hindi version of standard English MSR-VTT dataset.

LongVALE

Despite impressive advancements in video understanding, most efforts remain limited to coarse-grained or visual-only video tasks. However, real-world videos encompass omni-modal information (vision, audio, and speech) with a series of events forming a cohesive storyline. The lack of multi-modal video data with fine-grained event annotations and the high cost of manual labeling are major obstacles to comprehensive omni-modality video perception. To address this gap, we propose an automatic pipeline consisting of high-quality multi-modal video filtering, semantically coherent omni-modal event boundary detection, and cross-modal correlation-aware event captioning. In this way, we present LongVALE, the first-ever Vision-Audio-Language Event understanding benchmark comprising 105K omni-modal events with precise temporal boundaries and detailed relation-aware captions within 8.4K high-quality long videos. Further, we build a baseline that leverages LongVALE to enable video large language models (LLMs) for omni-modality fine-grained temporal video understanding for the first time. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and great potential of LongVALE in advancing comprehensive multi-modal video understanding.

MMAC Captions

We provide a dataset called MMAC Captions for sensor-augmented egocentric-video captioning. The dataset contains 5,002 activity descriptions by extending the CMU-MMAC dataset. A number of activity description examples can be found in the homepage.

NSVA

NVSA is a large-scale NBA dataset for Sports Video Analysis (NSVA) with a focus on sports video captioning. This dataset consists of more than 32K video clips and it is also designed to address two additional tasks, namely fine-grained sports action recognition and salient player identification.

ChinaOpen-1k

ChinaOpen is a new video dataset targeted at open-world multimodal learning, with raw data gathered from Bilibili, a popular Chinese video-sharing website. The dataset has a large webly annotated training set of videos (associated with user-generated titles and tags) and a smaller manually annotated test set of videos (with manually checked user titles / tags, manually written captions, and manual labels describing what visual objects / actions / scenes shown in the visual content). Source: https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.05880

Kinetics-GEB+

Kinetics-GEB+ (Generic Event Boundary Captioning, Grounding and Retrieval) is a dataset that consists of over 170k boundaries associated with captions describing status changes in the generic events in 12K videos.

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