Emotion Recognition

The MNIST database (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database) is a large collection of handwritten digits. It has a training set of 60,000 examples, and a test set of 10,000 examples. It is a subset of a larger NIST Special Database 3 (digits written by employees of the United States Census Bureau) and Special Database 1 (digits written by high school students) which contain monochrome images of handwritten digits. The digits have been size-normalized and centered in a fixed-size image. The original black and white (bilevel) images from NIST were size normalized to fit in a 20x20 pixel box while preserving their aspect ratio. The resulting images contain grey levels as a result of the anti-aliasing technique used by the normalization algorithm. the images were centered in a 28x28 image by computing the center of mass of the pixels, and translating the image so as to position this point at the center of the 28x28 field. Source: http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/ Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNIST_database#/media/File:MnistExamples.png

Multimodal Emotion Recognition IEMOCAP The IEMOCAP dataset consists of 151 videos of recorded dialogues, with 2 speakers per session for a total of 302 videos across the dataset. Each segment is annotated for the presence of 9 emotions (angry, excited, fear, sad, surprised, frustrated, happy, disappointed and neutral) as well as valence, arousal and dominance. The dataset is recorded across 5 sessions with 5 pairs of speakers. Source: Multi-attention Recurrent Network for Human Communication Comprehension Image Source: https://sail.usc.edu/iemocap/Busso_2008_iemocap.pdf

DailyDialog is a high-quality multi-turn open-domain English dialog dataset. It contains 13,118 dialogues split into a training set with 11,118 dialogues and validation and test sets with 1000 dialogues each. On average there are around 8 speaker turns per dialogue with around 15 tokens per turn. Source: http://yanran.li/dailydialog Image Source: https://paperswithcode.com/paper/dailydialog-a-manually-labelled-multi-turn/

Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset (MELD) has been created by enhancing and extending EmotionLines dataset. MELD contains the same dialogue instances available in EmotionLines, but it also encompasses audio and visual modality along with text. MELD has more than 1400 dialogues and 13000 utterances from Friends TV series. Multiple speakers participated in the dialogues. Each utterance in a dialogue has been labeled by any of these seven emotions -- Anger, Disgust, Sadness, Joy, Neutral, Surprise and Fear. MELD also has sentiment (positive, negative and neutral) annotation for each utterance. Source: https://affective-meld.github.io/ Image Source: https://affective-meld.github.io/

CMU Multimodal Opinion Sentiment and Emotion Intensity (CMU-MOSEI) is the largest dataset of sentence-level sentiment analysis and emotion recognition in online videos. CMU-MOSEI contains over 12 hours of annotated video from over 1000 speakers and 250 topics.

The Hateful Memes data set is a multimodal dataset for hateful meme detection (image + text) that contains 10,000+ new multimodal examples created by Facebook AI. Images were licensed from Getty Images so that researchers can use the data set to support their work.

Fer2013 contains approximately 30,000 facial RGB images of different expressions with size restricted to 48×48, and the main labels of it can be divided into 7 types: 0=Angry, 1=Disgust, 2=Fear, 3=Happy, 4=Sad, 5=Surprise, 6=Neutral. The Disgust expression has the minimal number of images – 600, while other labels have nearly 5,000 samples each. Source: Eavesdrop the Composition Proportion of Training Labels in Federated Learning Image Source: https://medium.com/@birdortyedi_23820/deep-learning-lab-episode-3-fer2013-c38f2e052280

Aff-Wild2 is a large-scale in-the-wild database and an extension of the Aff-Wild dataset for affect recognition. It approximately doubles the number of included video frames and the number of subjects; thus, improving the variability of the included behaviors and of the involved persons. It is the only existing in-the-wild database with annotations for all 3 main behaviour tasks. The Aff-Wild2 is annotated in a per frame basis for the seven basic expressions (i.e., happiness, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, sadness and the neutral state), twelve action units (AUs 1,2,4,6,7,10,12,15,23,24,25, 26) and valence and arousal. In total Aff-Wild2 consists of 564 videos of around 2.8M frames with 554 subjects. Aff-Wild2 displays a big diversity in terms of subjects' ages, ethnicities and nationalities; it has also great variations and diversities of environments. Sources: 1) Expression, affect, action unit recognition: Aff-wild2, multi-task learning and arcface; 2) The 6th affective behavior analysis in-the-wild (abaw) competition

Aff-Wild is a large-scale in-the-wild dataset for valence-arousal estimation from videos with a variety of head poses, illumination conditions and occlusions. Source: Deep Affect Prediction in-the-wild: Aff-Wild Database and Challenge, Deep Architectures, and Beyond

CARER is an emotion dataset collected through noisy labels, annotated via distant supervision as in (Go et al., 2009). The subset of data provided here corresponds to the six emotions variant described in the paper. The six emotions are anger, fear, joy, love, sadness, and surprise. Source: CARER: Contextualized Affect Representations for Emotion Recognition

The SEED dataset contains subjects' EEG signals when they were watching films clips. The film clips are carefully selected so as to induce different types of emotion, which are positive, negative, and neutral ones. Source: http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/home/seed/index.html Image Source: http://bcmi.sjtu.edu.cn/home/seed/index.html

The JAFFE dataset consists of 213 images of different facial expressions from 10 different Japanese female subjects. Each subject was asked to do 7 facial expressions (6 basic facial expressions and neutral) and the images were annotated with average semantic ratings on each facial expression by 60 annotators. Source: Balanced k-Means and Min-Cut Clustering Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-facial-expression-images-from-the-JAFFE-database_fig11_51873190

We present the MSP-IMPROV corpus, a multimodal emotional database, where the goal is to have control over lexical content and emotion while also promoting naturalness in the recordings. Studies on emotion perception often require stimuli with fixed lexical content, but that convey different emotions. These stimuli can also serve as an instrument to understand how emotion modulates speech at the phoneme level, in a manner that controls for coarticulation. Such audiovisual data are not easily available from natural recordings. A common solution is to record actors reading sentences that portray different emotions, which may not produce natural behaviors. We propose an alternative approach in which we define hypothetical scenarios for each sentence that are carefully designed to elicit a particular emotion. Two actors improvise these emotion-specific situations, leading them to utter contextualized, non-read renditions of sentences that have fixed lexical content and convey different emotions. We describe the context in which this corpus was recorded, the key features of the corpus, the areas in which this corpus can be useful, and the emotional content of the recordings. The paper also provides the performance for speech and facial emotion classifiers. The analysis brings novel classification evaluations where we study the performance in terms of inter-evaluator agreement and naturalness perception, leveraging the large size of the audiovisual database.

EmoryNLP comprises 97 episodes, 897 scenes, and 12,606 utterances, where each utterance is annotated with one of the seven emotions borrowed from the six primary emotions in the Willcox (1982)’s feeling wheel, sad, mad, scared, powerful, peaceful, joyful, and a default emotion of neutral.

Over a period of many years during the 1990s, a large group of psychologists all over the world collected data in the ISEAR project, directed by Klaus R. Scherer and Harald Wallbott. Student respondents, both psychologists and non-psychologists, were asked to report situations in which they had experienced all of 7 major emotions (joy, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, shame, and guilt). In each case, the questions covered the way they had appraised the situation and how they reacted. The final data set thus contained reports on seven emotions each by close to 3000 respondents in 37 countries on all 5 continents. Source: https://www.unige.ch/cisa/research/materials-and-online-research/research-material/ Image Source: https://www.unige.ch/cisa/research/materials-and-online-research/research-material/

Emotion-cause pair extraction (ECPE) aims to extract the potential pairs of emotions and corresponding causes in a document. This dataset consists of 1,945 Chinese documents from SINA NEWS website.

The SEMAINE videos dataset contains spontaneous data capturing the audiovisual interaction between a human and an operator undertaking the role of an avatar with four personalities: Poppy (happy), Obadiah (gloomy), Spike (angry) and Prudence (pragmatic). The audiovisual sequences have been recorded at a video rate of 25 fps (352 x 288 pixels). The dataset consists of audiovisual interaction between a human and an operator undertaking the role of an agent (Sensitive Artificial Agent). SEMAINE video clips have been annotated with couples of epistemic states such as agreement, interested, certain, concentration, and thoughtful with continuous rating (within the range [1,-1]) where -1 indicates most negative rating (i.e: No concentration at all) and +1 defines the highest (Most concentration). Twenty-four recording sessions are used in the Solid SAL scenario. Recordings are made of both the user and the operator, and there are usually four character interactions in each recording session, providing a total of 95 character interactions and 190 video clips. Source: ROBUST MODELING OF EPISTEMIC MENTAL STATES

A new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. Source: The Hateful Memes Challenge: Detecting Hate Speech in Multimodal Memes

EmotionLines contains a total of 29245 labeled utterances from 2000 dialogues. Each utterance in dialogues is labeled with one of seven emotions, six Ekman’s basic emotions plus the neutral emotion. Each labeling was accomplished by 5 workers, and for each utterance in a label, the emotion category with the highest votes was set as the label of the utterance. Those utterances voted as more than two different emotions were put into the non-neutral category. Therefore the dataset has a total of 8 types of emotion labels, anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, neutral, and non-neutral. Source: Bridging Dialogue Generation and Facial Expression Synthesis Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.08379.pdf

EmoContext consists of three-turn English Tweets. The emotion labels include happiness, sadness, anger and other.

The Expression in-the-Wild (ExpW) dataset is for facial expression recognition and contains 91,793 faces manually labeled with expressions. Each of the face images is annotated as one of the seven basic expression categories: “angry”, “disgust”, “fear”, “happy”, “sad”, “surprise”, or “neutral”.

The ECE dataset (Gui et al., 2016a) is collected from SINA city news and contains 2105 instances. Its document has only one emotion word and one or more emotion causes.

The EMOTIC dataset, named after EMOTions In Context, is a database of images with people in real environments, annotated with their apparent emotions. The images are annotated with an extended list of 26 emotion categories combined with the three common continuous dimensions Valence, Arousal and Dominance. Source: Context Based Emotion Recognition using EMOTIC Dataset

EmoBank is a corpus of 10k English sentences balancing multiple genres, annotated with dimensional emotion metadata in the Valence-Arousal-Dominance (VAD) representation format. EmoBank excels with a bi-perspectival and bi-representational design. Source: EmoBank: Studying the Impact of Annotation Perspective and Representation Format on Dimensional Emotion Analysis

MAFW is a large-scale, multi-modal, compound affective database for dynamic facial expression recognition in the wild. It contains 10,045 video-audio clips, annotated with a compound emotional category and a couple of sentences that describe the subjects' affective behaviors in the clip. For the compound emotion annotation, each clip is categorized into one or more of the 11 widely-used emotions, i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness, surprise, contempt, anxiety, helplessness, and disappointment.

CREMA-D is an emotional multimodal actor data set of 7,442 original clips from 91 actors. These clips were from 48 male and 43 female actors between the ages of 20 and 74 coming from a variety of races and ethnicities (African America, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic, and Unspecified). Actors spoke from a selection of 12 sentences. The sentences were presented using one of six different emotions (Anger, Disgust, Fear, Happy, Neutral, and Sad) and four different emotion levels (Low, Medium, High, and Unspecified). Participants rated the emotion and emotion levels based on the combined audiovisual presentation, the video alone, and the audio alone. Due to the large number of ratings needed, this effort was crowd-sourced and a total of 2443 participants each rated 90 unique clips, 30 audio, 30 visual, and 30 audio-visual. 95% of the clips have more than 7 ratings.

The Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) contains 7,356 files (total size: 24.8 GB). The database contains 24 professional actors (12 female, 12 male), vocalizing two lexically-matched statements in a neutral North American accent. Speech includes calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, surprise, and disgust expressions, and song contains calm, happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotions. Each expression is produced at two levels of emotional intensity (normal, strong), with an additional neutral expression. All conditions are available in three modality formats: Audio-only (16bit, 48kHz .wav), Audio-Video (720p H.264, AAC 48kHz, .mp4), and Video-only (no sound). Note, there are no song files for Actor_18. Paper: The Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS): A dynamic, multimodal set of facial and vocal expressions in North American English Source:

EMOPIA (pronounced ‘yee-mò-pi-uh’) dataset is a shared multi-modal (audio and MIDI) database focusing on perceived emotion in pop piano music, to facilitate research on various tasks related to music emotion. The dataset contains 1,087 music clips from 387 songs and clip-level emotion labels annotated by four dedicated annotators.

The Multimodal Corpus of Sentiment Intensity (CMU-MOSI) dataset is a collection of 2199 opinion video clips. Each opinion video is annotated with sentiment in the range [-3,3]. The dataset is rigorously annotated with labels for subjectivity, sentiment intensity, per-frame and per-opinion annotated visual features, and per-milliseconds annotated audio features.

The database includes 3000 semi-natural utterances, equivalent to 3 hours and 25 minutes of speech data extracted from online radio plays. The ShEMO covers speech samples of 87 native-Persian speakers for five basic emotions including anger, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise, as well as neutral state. Source: ShEMO -- A Large-Scale Validated Database for Persian Speech Emotion Detection

We construct a dataset named CPED from 40 Chinese TV shows. CPED consists of multisource knowledge related to empathy and personal characteristic. This knowledge covers 13 emotions, gender, Big Five personality traits, 19 dialogue acts and other knowledge. * We build a multiturn Chinese Personalized and Emotional Dialogue dataset called CPED. To the best of our knowledge, CPED is the first Chinese personalized and emotional dialogue dataset. CPED contains 12K dialogues and 133K utterances with multi-modal context. Therefore, it can be used in both complicated dialogue understanding and human-like conversation generation. * CPED has been annotated with 3 character attributes (name, gender age), Big Five personality traits, 2 types of dynamic emotional information (sentiment and emotion) and DAs. The personality traits and emotions can be used as prior external knowledge for open-domain conversation generation, making the conversation system have a good command of personification capabilities. * We propose three tasks for CPED: personality recognition in conversations (PRC), emotion recognition in conversations (ERC), and personalized and emotional conversation (PEC). A set of experiments verify the importance of using personalities and emotions as prior external knowledge for conversation generation.

Yu Luo, Jianbo Ye, Reginald B. Adams, Jr., Jia Li, Michelle G. Newman and James Z. Wang, ARBEE: Towards Automated Recognition of Bodily Expression of Emotion In the Wild,'' International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 1-25, 2020.

The DEAP dataset consists of two parts: - The ratings from an online self-assessment where 120 one-minute extracts of music videos were each rated by 14-16 volunteers based on arousal, valence and dominance. - The participant ratings, physiological recordings and face video of an experiment where 32 volunteers watched a subset of 40 of the above music videos. EEG and physiological signals were recorded and each participant also rated the videos as above. For 22 participants frontal face video was also recorded.

the YF-E6 emotion dataset using the 6 basic emotion type as keywords on social video-sharing websites including YouTube and Flickr, leading to a total of 3000 videos. The dataset is labeled through crowdsourcing by 10 different annotators (5 males and 5 females), whose age ranged from 22 to 45. Annotators were given detailed definition for each emotion before performing the task. Every video is manually labeled by all the annotators. A video is excluded from the final dataset when over half of annotations are inconsistent with the initial search keyword.

The Video2GIF dataset contains over 100,000 pairs of GIFs and their source videos. The GIFs were collected from two popular GIF websites (makeagif.com, gifsoup.com) and the corresponding source videos were collected from YouTube in Summer 2015. IDs and URLs of the GIFs and the videos are provided, along with temporal alignment of GIF segments to their source videos. The dataset shall be used to evaluate GIF creation and video highlight techniques. In addition to the 100K GIF-video pairs, the dataset contains 357 pairs of GIFs and their source videos as the test set. The 357 videos come with a Creative Commons CC-BY license, which allowed the authors to redistribute the material with appropriate credit to make the results on test set reproducible even when some of the videos become unavailable. Source: Video2GIF

EmoWOZ is the first large-scale open-source dataset for emotion recognition in task-oriented dialogues. It contains emotion annotations for user utterances in the entire MultiWOZ (10k+ human-human dialogues) and DialMAGE (1k human-machine dialogues collected from our human trial). Overall, there are 83k user utterances annotated. In addition, the emotion annotation scheme is tailored to task-oriented dialogues and considers the valence, the elicitor, and the conduct of the user emotion.