Semantic Segmentation

The COCO (Common Objects in Context) dataset is a large-scale object detection, segmentation, and captioning dataset. It is designed to encourage research on a wide variety of object categories and is commonly used for benchmarking computer vision models. It is an essential dataset for researchers and developers working on object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation tasks.

Cityscapes is a large-scale database which focuses on semantic understanding of urban street scenes. It provides semantic, instance-wise, and dense pixel annotations for 30 classes grouped into 8 categories (flat surfaces, humans, vehicles, constructions, objects, nature, sky, and void). The dataset consists of around 5000 fine annotated images and 20000 coarse annotated ones. Data was captured in 50 cities during several months, daytimes, and good weather conditions. It was originally recorded as video so the frames were manually selected to have the following features: large number of dynamic objects, varying scene layout, and varying background. Source: A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Semantic Segmentation Image Source: https://www.cityscapes-dataset.com/dataset-overview/

KITTI (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute) is one of the most popular datasets for use in mobile robotics and autonomous driving. It consists of hours of traffic scenarios recorded with a variety of sensor modalities, including high-resolution RGB, grayscale stereo cameras, and a 3D laser scanner. Despite its popularity, the dataset itself does not contain ground truth for semantic segmentation. However, various researchers have manually annotated parts of the dataset to fit their necessities. Álvarez et al. generated ground truth for 323 images from the road detection challenge with three classes: road, vertical, and sky. Zhang et al. annotated 252 (140 for training and 112 for testing) acquisitions – RGB and Velodyne scans – from the tracking challenge for ten object categories: building, sky, road, vegetation, sidewalk, car, pedestrian, cyclist, sign/pole, and fence. Ros et al. labeled 170 training images and 46 testing images (from the visual odometry challenge) with 11 classes: building, tree, sky, car, sign, road, pedestrian, fence, pole, sidewalk, and bicyclist. Source: A Review on Deep Learning Techniques Applied to Semantic Segmentation Image Source: http://www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti/eval_object.php?obj_benchmark=3d

The nuScenes dataset is a large-scale autonomous driving dataset. The dataset has 3D bounding boxes for 1000 scenes collected in Boston and Singapore. Each scene is 20 seconds long and annotated at 2Hz. This results in a total of 28130 samples for training, 6019 samples for validation and 6008 samples for testing. The dataset has the full autonomous vehicle data suite: 32-beam LiDAR, 6 cameras and radars with complete 360° coverage. The 3D object detection challenge evaluates the performance on 10 classes: cars, trucks, buses, trailers, construction vehicles, pedestrians, motorcycles, bicycles, traffic cones and barriers. Source: PointPainting: Sequential Fusion for 3D Object Detection

ShapeNet is a large scale repository for 3D CAD models developed by researchers from Stanford University, Princeton University and the Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, USA. The repository contains over 300M models with 220,000 classified into 3,135 classes arranged using WordNet hypernym-hyponym relationships. ShapeNet Parts subset contains 31,693 meshes categorised into 16 common object classes (i.e. table, chair, plane etc.). Each shapes ground truth contains 2-5 parts (with a total of 50 part classes). Source: A review on deep learning techniques for 3D sensed data classification Image Source: ShapeNet: An Information-Rich 3D Model Repository

ScanNet is an instance-level indoor RGB-D dataset that includes both 2D and 3D data. It is a collection of labeled voxels rather than points or objects. Up to now, ScanNet v2, the newest version of ScanNet, has collected 1513 annotated scans with an approximate 90% surface coverage. In the semantic segmentation task, this dataset is marked in 20 classes of annotated 3D voxelized objects. Source: A Review of Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Image Source: http://www.scan-net.org/

The ADE20K semantic segmentation dataset contains more than 20K scene-centric images exhaustively annotated with pixel-level objects and object parts labels. There are totally 150 semantic categories, which include stuffs like sky, road, grass, and discrete objects like person, car, bed. Source: Cooperative Image Segmentation and Restoration in Adverse Environmental Conditions Image Source: https://groups.csail.mit.edu/vision/datasets/ADE20K/

The NYU-Depth V2 data set is comprised of video sequences from a variety of indoor scenes as recorded by both the RGB and Depth cameras from the Microsoft Kinect. It features: * 1449 densely labeled pairs of aligned RGB and depth images * 464 new scenes taken from 3 cities * 407,024 new unlabeled frames * Each object is labeled with a class and an instance number. The dataset has several components: * Labeled: A subset of the video data accompanied by dense multi-class labels. This data has also been preprocessed to fill in missing depth labels. * Raw: The raw RGB, depth and accelerometer data as provided by the Kinect. * Toolbox: Useful functions for manipulating the data and labels. Source: https://cs.nyu.edu/~silberman/datasets/nyu_depth_v2.html Image Source: https://cs.nyu.edu/~silberman/datasets/nyu_depth_v2.html

The Densely Annotation Video Segmentation dataset (DAVIS) is a high quality and high resolution densely annotated video segmentation dataset under two resolutions, 480p and 1080p. There are 50 video sequences with 3455 densely annotated frames in pixel level. 30 videos with 2079 frames are for training and 20 videos with 1376 frames are for validation. Source: TENet: Triple Excitation Network for Video Salient Object Detection

Eurosat is a dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification. The dataset is based on Sentinel-2 satellite images covering 13 spectral bands and consisting out of 10 classes with in total 27,000 labeled and geo-referenced images. Source: EuroSAT Image Source: EuroSAT

SemanticKITTI is a large-scale outdoor-scene dataset for point cloud semantic segmentation. It is derived from the KITTI Vision Odometry Benchmark which it extends with dense point-wise annotations for the complete 360 field-of-view of the employed automotive LiDAR. The dataset consists of 22 sequences. Overall, the dataset provides 23201 point clouds for training and 20351 for testing. Source: Cylinder3D: An Effective 3D Framework for Driving-scene LiDAR Semantic Segmentation Image Source: https://github.com/PRBonn/semantic-kitti-api

The SYNTHIA dataset is a synthetic dataset that consists of 9400 multi-viewpoint photo-realistic frames rendered from a virtual city and comes with pixel-level semantic annotations for 13 classes. Each frame has resolution of 1280 × 960. Source: Orientation-aware Semantic Segmentation on Icosahedron Spheres Image Source: https://synthia-dataset.net/

The Stanford 3D Indoor Scene Dataset (S3DIS) dataset contains 6 large-scale indoor areas with 271 rooms. Each point in the scene point cloud is annotated with one of the 13 semantic categories. Source: Grid-GCN for Fast and Scalable Point Cloud Learning Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-classified-scenes-in-S3DIS-dataset-left-with-groundtruth-right_fig2_328307943

The Waymo Open Dataset is comprised of high resolution sensor data collected by autonomous vehicles operated by the Waymo Driver in a wide variety of conditions. The Waymo Open Dataset currently contains 1,950 segments. The authors plan to grow this dataset in the future. Currently the datasets includes: * 1,950 segments of 20s each, collected at 10Hz (390,000 frames) in diverse geographies and conditions * Sensor data * 1 mid-range lidar * 4 short-range lidars * 5 cameras (front and sides) * Synchronized lidar and camera data * Lidar to camera projections * Sensor calibrations and vehicle poses * Labeled data * Labels for 4 object classes - Vehicles, Pedestrians, Cyclists, Signs * High-quality labels for lidar data in 1,200 segments * 12.6M 3D bounding box labels with tracking IDs on lidar data * High-quality labels for camera data in 1,000 segments * 11.8M 2D bounding box labels with tracking IDs on camera data

The SUN RGBD dataset contains 10335 real RGB-D images of room scenes. Each RGB image has a corresponding depth and segmentation map. As many as 700 object categories are labeled. The training and testing sets contain 5285 and 5050 images, respectively. Source: Mix and match networks: multi-domain alignment for unpaired image-to-image translation Image Source: https://rgbd.cs.princeton.edu/

Datasets drive vision progress, yet existing driving datasets are impoverished in terms of visual content and supported tasks to study multitask learning for autonomous driving. Researchers are usually constrained to study a small set of problems on one dataset, while real-world computer vision applications require performing tasks of various complexities. We construct BDD100K, the largest driving video dataset with 100K videos and 10 tasks to evaluate the exciting progress of image recognition algorithms on autonomous driving. The dataset possesses geographic, environmental, and weather diversity, which is useful for training models that are less likely to be surprised by new conditions. Based on this diverse dataset, we build a benchmark for heterogeneous multitask learning and study how to solve the tasks together. Our experiments show that special training strategies are needed for existing models to perform such heterogeneous tasks. BDD100K opens the door for future studies in this important venue. More detail is at the dataset home page.

The Matterport3D dataset is a large RGB-D dataset for scene understanding in indoor environments. It contains 10,800 panoramic views inside 90 real building-scale scenes, constructed from 194,400 RGB-D images. Each scene is a residential building consisting of multiple rooms and floor levels, and is annotated with surface construction, camera poses, and semantic segmentation. Source: Vision-based Navigation with Language-based Assistance via Imitation Learning with Indirect Intervention

The RefCOCO dataset is a referring expression generation (REG) dataset used for tasks related to understanding natural language expressions that refer to specific objects in images. Here are the key details about RefCOCO: 1. Collection Method: The dataset was collected using the ReferitGame, a two-player game. In this game, the first player views an image with a segmented target object and writes a natural language expression referring to that object. The second player sees only the image and the referring expression and must click on the corresponding object. If both players perform correctly, they earn points and switch roles; otherwise, they receive a new object and image for description. 2. Dataset Variants: RefCOCO: Contains 142,209 refer expressions for 50,000 objects across 19,994 images. RefCOCO+: Includes 141,564 expressions for 49,856 objects in 19,992 images. RefCOCOg: This variant has 25,799 images, 95,010 referring expressions, and 49,822 object instances. 3. Language and Restrictions: RefCOCO allows any type of language in the referring expressions. RefCOCO+ disallows location words in expressions to focus purely on appearance-based descriptions (e.g., "the man in the yellow polka-dotted shirt") rather than viewer-dependent descriptions (e.g., "the second man from the left"). These datasets serve as valuable resources for tasks like referring expression segmentation, comprehension, and visual grounding in computer vision research.

The Replica Dataset is a dataset of high quality reconstructions of a variety of indoor spaces. Each reconstruction has clean dense geometry, high resolution and high dynamic range textures, glass and mirror surface information, planar segmentation as well as semantic class and instance segmentation. Source: The Replica Dataset: A Digital Replica of Indoor Spaces

The GTA5 dataset contains 24966 synthetic images with pixel level semantic annotation. The images have been rendered using the open-world video game Grand Theft Auto 5 and are all from the car perspective in the streets of American-style virtual cities. There are 19 semantic classes which are compatible with the ones of Cityscapes dataset. Source: Adversarial Learning and Self-Teaching Techniques for Domain Adaptation in Semantic Segmentation Image Source: Richter et al

The Common Objects in COntext-stuff (COCO-stuff) dataset is a dataset for scene understanding tasks like semantic segmentation, object detection and image captioning. It is constructed by annotating the original COCO dataset, which originally annotated things while neglecting stuff annotations. There are 164k images in COCO-stuff dataset that span over 172 categories including 80 things, 91 stuff, and 1 unlabeled class. Source: Image Colorization: A Survey and Dataset Image Source: https://github.com/nightrome/cocostuff

The PASCAL Context dataset is an extension of the PASCAL VOC 2010 detection challenge, and it contains pixel-wise labels for all training images. It contains more than 400 classes (including the original 20 classes plus backgrounds from PASCAL VOC segmentation), divided into three categories (objects, stuff, and hybrids). Many of the object categories of this dataset are too sparse and; therefore, a subset of 59 frequent classes are usually selected for use. Source: Image Segmentation Using Deep Learning:A Survey Image Source: https://cs.stanford.edu/~roozbeh/pascal-context/

DAVIS17 is a dataset for video object segmentation. It contains a total of 150 videos - 60 for training, 30 for validation, 60 for testing Source: Siam R-CNN: Visual Tracking by Re-Detection Image Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/LucidTracker-qualitative-results-on-DAVIS-17-test-dev-set-Frames-sampled-along-the_fig5_331792902

KITTI-360 is a large-scale dataset that contains rich sensory information and full annotations. It is the successor of the popular KITTI dataset, providing more comprehensive semantic/instance labels in 2D and 3D, richer 360 degree sensory information (fisheye images and pushbroom laser scans), very accurate and geo-localized vehicle and camera poses, and a series of new challenging benchmarks.

CamVid (Cambridge-driving Labeled Video Database) is a road/driving scene understanding database which was originally captured as five video sequences with a 960×720 resolution camera mounted on the dashboard of a car. Those sequences were sampled (four of them at 1 fps and one at 15 fps) adding up to 701 frames. Those stills were manually annotated with 32 classes: void, building, wall, tree, vegetation, fence, sidewalk, parking block, column/pole, traffic cone, bridge, sign, miscellaneous text, traffic light, sky, tunnel, archway, road, road shoulder, lane markings (driving), lane markings (non-driving), animal, pedestrian, child, cart luggage, bicyclist, motorcycle, car, SUV/pickup/truck, truck/bus, train, and other moving object Source: A Review on Deep Learning TechniquesApplied to Semantic Segmentation Image Source: http://mi.eng.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/VideoRec/CamVid/

VisDA-2017 is a simulation-to-real dataset for domain adaptation with over 280,000 images across 12 categories in the training, validation and testing domains. The training images are generated from the same object under different circumstances, while the validation images are collected from MSCOCO.. Source: Gradually Vanishing Bridge for Adversarial Domain Adaptation Image Source: http://ai.bu.edu/visda-2017/

HAM10000 is a dataset of 10000 training images for detecting pigmented skin lesions. The authors collected dermatoscopic images from different populations, acquired and stored by different modalities. Source: https://www.kaggle.com/kmader/skin-cancer-mnist-ham10000 Image Source: https://www.kaggle.com/kmader/skin-cancer-mnist-ham10000

The HELEN dataset is composed of 2330 face images of 400×400 pixels with labeled facial components generated through manually-annotated contours along eyes, eyebrows, nose, lips and jawline. Source: Face Parsing via a Fully-Convolutional Continuous CRF Neural Network Image Source: http://www.ifp.illinois.edu/~vuongle2/helen/

Kvasir-SEG is an open-access dataset of gastrointestinal polyp images and corresponding segmentation masks, manually annotated by a medical doctor and then verified by an experienced gastroenterologist. Source: Kvasir-SEG: A Segmented Polyp Dataset Image Source: https://datasets.simula.no/kvasir-seg/

The PASCAL Visual Object Classes (VOC) 2012 dataset contains 20 object categories including vehicles, household, animals, and other: aeroplane, bicycle, boat, bus, car, motorbike, train, bottle, chair, dining table, potted plant, sofa, TV/monitor, bird, cat, cow, dog, horse, sheep, and person. Each image in this dataset has pixel-level segmentation annotations, bounding box annotations, and object class annotations. This dataset has been widely used as a benchmark for object detection, semantic segmentation, and classification tasks. The PASCAL VOC dataset is split into three subsets: 1,464 images for training, 1,449 images for validation and a private testing set. Source: Self-supervised Visual Feature Learning with Deep Neural Networks: A Survey Image Source: http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2012/examples/images/sheep_06.jpg

SUNCG is a large-scale dataset of synthetic 3D scenes with dense volumetric annotations. The dataset is currently not available. Source: https://sscnet.cs.princeton.edu/ Image Source: https://sscnet.cs.princeton.edu/

LabelMe database is a large collection of images with ground truth labels for object detection and recognition. The annotations come from two different sources, including the LabelMe online annotation tool. Source: LabelMe: A Database and Web-Based Tool for Image Annotation Image Source: Russell et al

PASCAL-5i is a dataset used to evaluate few-shot segmentation. The dataset is sub-divided into 4 folds each containing 5 classes. A fold contains labelled samples from 5 classes that are used for evaluating the few-shot learning method. The rest 15 classes are used for training. Source: AMP: Adaptive Masked Proxies for Few-Shot Segmentation Image Source: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1709.03410.pdf

YouTubeVIS is a new dataset tailored for tasks like simultaneous detection, segmentation and tracking of object instances in videos and is collected based on the current largest video object segmentation dataset YouTubeVOS. Source: YouTubeVIS

Objects365 is a large-scale object detection dataset, Objects365, which has 365 object categories over 600K training images. More than 10 million, high-quality bounding boxes are manually labeled through a three-step, carefully designed annotation pipeline. It is the largest object detection dataset (with full annotation) so far and establishes a more challenging benchmark for the community. Source: Objects365: A Large-Scale, High-Quality Dataset for Object Detection Image Source: https://www.objects365.org/overview.html

PartNet is a consistent, large-scale dataset of 3D objects annotated with fine-grained, instance-level, and hierarchical 3D part information. The dataset consists of 573,585 part instances over 26,671 3D models covering 24 object categories. This dataset enables and serves as a catalyst for many tasks such as shape analysis, dynamic 3D scene modeling and simulation, affordance analysis, and others. Source: PartNet: A Large-scale Benchmark for Fine-grained and Hierarchical Part-level 3D Object Understanding Image Source: https://cs.stanford.edu/~kaichun/partnet/