Let the Fixer Decide: Training a Code Localizer from the Fixer's Likelihood

원문 초록

Code localizers are usually trained to predict the files a reference patch edits, but the code a fixer needs to read is not the same as the code it changes. We propose Fixer-Guided Localization (FGL): the localizer proposes several localizations, a frozen fixer scores each by how likely it makes a verified patch, and the localizer is trained on these scores with weighted supervised fine-tuning, without running tests and without reinforcement learning. We build the full pipeline on Gemma 4 E4B for the Kaggle Gemma-4 Developer Agent competition, from 1,629 test-verified Kimi K3 trajectories. The FGL target helps the fixer find the bug as often as the teacher's localization while using 27.5% less code. On the development set, one EM round moves the agent in the expected direction compared with a matched control: more tasks reach a patch (53 vs. 46), fewer tasks get stuck reading files that do not exist (43 vs. 54), and more tasks are solved (8 vs. 6). Training also changes how the agent works: trained agents explore about three times more than the base model and write far fewer wrong patches, and the single agent solves up to 11 of 78 tasks, against 8 for the base model. An analysis of 13 evaluation runs identifies what limits a 4B agent under an 8-minute budget (time, repetition loops and edit quality) and gives practical lessons for training small coding agents. All data, code and adapters are publicly available.