STEK: Structural-Terrain-Enhanced Koopman-Inspired Cross-Channel Regularization for Retrospective Battery Multi-Target Estimation

원문 초록

Retrospective battery characterization across heterogeneous cells is challenging because cycling records vary substantially with chemistry, protocol, cell format, capacity, and operating conditions. An endpoint charge--discharge curve captures the local condition of an evaluated cycle, while a cell-level lifecycle terrain summarizes structural evolution across the archived trajectory. We propose STEK, a structural-terrain-enhanced framework for retrospective battery multi-target estimation. STEK combines a cell-level lifecycle (dQ/dV) terrain with an endpoint-derived structural proxy through quality-proxy-conditioned gating. Bounded FiLM and a validity-gated residual head refine the endpoint-curve representation while preserving a curve-based prediction pathway. Battery-type and optional material-text representations further condition an identity-centered low-rank linear map, providing a Koopman-inspired cross-channel consistency objective without modeling temporal dynamics or performing rollout. Under the fixed seven-output MIX-battery protocol, the full retrospective setting improves aggregate performance over endpoint-only learned baselines across multiple temporal backbones; this comparison reflects both the additional archived context and the modeling design. Under matched auxiliary inputs, STEK outperforms direct concatenation and quality-unaware FiLM, while descriptor-removal tests show graceful fallback to the endpoint pathway. Deterministic rules remain preferable for directly recoverable capacity summaries. The method targets retrospective archive harmonization rather than online estimation from cycle t alone.