WorldCoder-Bench: Benchmarking Physically Grounded 3D World Synthesis

원문 초록

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly asked not only to write static interfaces, but to construct executable interactive worlds from natural language. Browser-native 3D, commonly built with Three.js, is a natural next frontier: generated programs must integrate assets, obey spatial and physical constraints, and keep user-facing controls synchronized with hidden runtime state. Existing web-generation benchmarks and evaluators, however, largely observe only pixels or DOM nodes, while the mechanics of a Three.js world unfold inside an opaque <canvas>. We introduce WorldCoder-Bench, a benchmark for autonomous, physically grounded 3D world synthesis. WorldCoder-Bench contains 2,026 expert-curated tasks across Simulation, Rendering, and Application scenarios, with optional .glb assets and hidden behavioral contracts. We further propose StateProbe, an execution-based protocol that probes generated programs in a controlled browser and verifies hidden, mutation-hardened contracts over runtime states and transitions. Beyond verification coverage, we report Return on Automation and Time Efficiency Multiplier to estimate quality-adjusted cost and time utility. The best verification coverage is 27.8% across nine models on WorldCoder-Benchcore and 19.9% across five on WorldCoder-Benchrob, with failures dominated by state-schema drift and broken interaction chains rather than missing scene elements. Utility metrics further show that cheap or fast models can still provide substantial value on easier domains. WorldCoder-Bench is available at https://github.com/shuolucs/WorldCoder-Bench.