When Helpfulness Becomes Sycophancy: Sycophancy is a Boundary Failure Between Social Alignment and Epistemic Integrity in Large Language Models

원문 초록

This position paper argues that sycophancy in LLMs is a boundary failure between social alignment and epistemic integrity. Existing work often operationalizes sycophancy through external behavior such as agreement with incorrect user beliefs, position reversals, or deviation from an objective standard of correctness. These formulations capture overt forms of the phenomenon but leave subtler boundary failures involving epistemic integrity and social alignment underspecified. We argue that sycophancy should be defined not by agreement or factual incorrectness alone, but by cue-driven degradation of epistemic integrity. To clarify this boundary, we propose a three-condition decision rule requiring (1) a user cue, (2) a model response that shifts toward that cue, and (3) a resulting degradation of epistemic integrity. Building on this definition, we also introduce a taxonomy consisting of alignment targets, mechanisms, and severity to characterize cases identified as sycophantic. An initial 48-item annotation pilot provides preliminary evidence that the framework can be operationalized using structured guidelines, although broader empirical validation remains necessary. The paper concludes by discussing implications for alignment evaluation, including boundary-aware assessment, structured rubrics, and mitigation strategies, while situating these proposals alongside alternative views of sycophancy.