Cooperate to Compete: Strategic Data Generation and Incentivization Framework for Coopetitive Cross-Silo Federated Learning

원문 초록

In data-sensitive domains such as finance, cross-silo federated learning (CFL) allows organizations to collaboratively train AI models without sharing raw data. However, many practical CFL deployments are coopetitive, where organizations cooperate during model training while competing in downstream markets. In such settings, training contributions can improve the global model yet inadvertently strengthen rivals, eroding one's competitive advantage. This dilemma is amplified by non-IID data, which leads to asymmetric learning gains and undermines sustained participation. While existing work reward organizations based on marginal training contributions, they fail to account for the implicit costs of strengthening competitors. In this paper, we introduce CoCoGen+, a coopetition-compatible data generation and incentivization framework that jointly models data heterogeneity and inter-organizational competition while endogenizing GenAI-based synthetic data generation as a strategic decision. Specifically, CoCoGen+ formulates each training round as a weighted potential game, where organizations strategically decide how much data to generate by balancing learning gains against computational costs and utility losses caused by competition. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the continuous Nash equilibrium under the adopted model and develop a provably convergent scalar bisection algorithm. We further analyze how bilateral payoff redistribution modifies residual competition and data-generation incentives, and empirically evaluate the social welfare and individual utilities of the resulting allocations. Experiments on FMNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100 validate the feasibility of CoCoGen+. The results show how heterogeneity, competition intensity, and incentives shape organizational strategies and social welfare, while CoCoGen+ achieves higher social welfare than competition-aware baselines.