Gaussian Processes

Gaussian Processes is a powerful framework for several machine learning tasks such as regression, classification and inference. Given a finite set of input output training data that is generated out of a fixed (but possibly unknown) function, the framework models the unknown function as a stochastic process such that the training outputs are a finite number of jointly Gaussian random variables, whose properties can then be used to infer the statistics (the mean and variance) of the function at test values of input.

Source: Sequential Randomized Matrix Factorization for Gaussian Processes: Efficient Predictions and Hyper-parameter Optimization