Target Selection with a Disappearing-Stimulus Mixed-Reality P300 Interface: Feasibility and Object-Distinguishable Versus Uniform Cues

원문 초록

Mixed-reality (MR) P300 interfaces can register selectable destinations, such as wheelchair goals, directly in the user's surroundings. When the cues disappear between flashes, however, the user must retain an intended target that is no longer visible. We tested whether such an interface supports target selection and whether giving each cue a stable colour-shape identity improves it compared with visually uniform spheres. Six healthy adults completed four trials in each cue condition of a 5x5 row/column task on a head-mounted MR display, with EEG from Fz, Cz, and Pz. Shrinkage linear discriminant analysis was evaluated with nested validation in which complete trials were held out from class balancing, hyperparameter selection, and fitting. Both conditions evoked a parietal target-related positivity. The decoded cell was correct in 18 of 48 held-out trials, against 1.9 expected by chance (binomial p < 1e-12), and in three participants individually. Cue format made no detectable difference: complete-target accuracy was 9/24 in both conditions (paired difference 0.0 percentage points, 95% CI [-37, 37]), and held-out AUC was 0.609 for spheres and 0.585 for object cues. Disappearing-stimulus MR P300 selection is therefore feasible under strict trial-level evaluation, but the benefit of object identity, if any, is too small to resolve in a pilot of this size.