UniOMA: Unified Optimal-Transport Multi-Modal Structural Alignment for Robot Perception

원문 초록

Achieving generalizable and well-aligned multimodal representations remains a core challenge in robot learning. While recent approaches have attempted to align modalities by modeling conditional or higher-order statistical dependencies, they do not explicitly consider the structural coherence across modalities. In this work, we propose a novel multimodal alignment method that augments existing contrastive losses with a geometry-aware Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) distance-based regularization. To this end, we encode intra-modal geometry for each modality and reduce cross-modal structural discrepancies through a dynamically learned GW barycenter, thereby encouraging structural consistency in addition to instance-level contrastive alignment. We apply this optimal-transport-based alignment strategy to robot perception tasks involving underexplored modalities such as force and tactile signals, where modality data often exhibit varying sample densities. Extensive experiments on five robotic benchmarks show that our method improves structural alignment and downstream performance over state-of-the-art multimodal contrastive baselines across a wide range of downstream tasks, including robot and environment state prediction. Moreover, our GW-based regularization can be seamlessly integrated into most InfoNCE-like objectives.