LBSNet: Lightweight Brain State Modeling via Learnable Spectral Prototypes for EEG-Based Fatigue Detection

원문 초록

EEG-based fatigue detection requires modeling spectral information across bands and its temporal variation. Recent methods combine multi-band modeling with adaptive temporal processing, yet how spectral structure across bands should influence the contribution of each temporal interval remains insufficiently explored. We propose LBSNet, a lightweight network that uses prototype-based brain-state modeling to link local spectral structure with temporal aggregation. LBSNet extracts compact multi-band features through band-specific temporal convolution, shared spatial projections, and cross-band recalibration. Within each window, relative spectral activity is encoded as a normalized descriptor and softly matched to learnable spectral prototypes. Prototype assignments and learned prototype importance jointly determine temporal weights for power aggregation, allowing the spectral pattern of each window to guide its contribution to the prediction. Subject-independent experiments on SEED-VIG and SADT show that LBSNet outperforms seven baselines while maintaining low computational cost. Ablation and visualization analyses support prototype-guided temporal weighting, while the learned prototypes reveal a gradual redistribution of relative cross-band spectral states with increasing fatigue. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/zy0929/LBSNet.