Statistical Geometry of Group Actions: Symmetry, Transport, Estimation

원문 초록

We study variational inference in the presence of distributional symmetry, focusing on the interaction between two distinct group actions on a sample space: a symmetry action that leaves a reference distribution invariant, and a transport action that generates a parametric variational family by pushforward. By analyzing the algebraic structure of the total transformation group generated by both actions and the induced adjoint representation of the symmetry group on the transport Lie algebra, we establish that the Riemannian gradient of the Kullback--Leibler divergence at the true transport parameter is constrained to lie in the trivial representation of the symmetry group. Consequently, symmetry forces the gradient to vanish along all non-trivial representations. Combining this representation-theoretic constraint with parameter identifiability yields an orthogonal decomposition of the transport Lie algebra into three interpretable subspaces: an identifiability kernel (along which the objective is locally constant), a bias subspace (where the gradient may be nonzero due to model misspecification), and a symmetry-breaking subspace (where the gradient is forced to vanish by symmetry alone). Finally, we characterize the residual bias directions in terms of distributional mismatch between the base model and the standardized target, and derive an explicit Stein-type moment-matching condition that eliminates this bias, extending the location-scale results of (Margossian and Saul, 2025) to general Lie group transformation families.