Look Closer, Align Better: Explicit Visual Attributes for Robust EEG-to-Image Decoding

원문 초록

EEG-to-image retrieval commonly aligns neural responses with representations from pretrained vision encoders. However, these representations may underrepresent fine-grained visual details needed to distinguish semantically similar images. To address this limitation, we first investigate the EEG decodability and complementary predictive value of explicit visual attributes, identifying visual cues that capture EEG-relevant information beyond pretrained representations. Building on these findings, we propose AttrEcho, a framework that enriches pretrained visual representations with complementary, spatially aligned visual attributes. Specifically, Region-Aligned Visual Attribute Fusion (RAVF) integrates EEG-relevant local visual attributes with spatially corresponding pretrained features through a learnable signed residual gate. We further employ Feature Token Aggregation (FTA), which learns dimension-specific weights across regions to aggregate refined visual features for contrastive alignment with EEG representations. Experiments on THINGS-EEG demonstrate that AttrEcho achieves 94.8% Top-1 and 99.7% Top-5 accuracy in intra-subject 200-way retrieval, while maintaining 82.1% Top-1 accuracy as the gallery expands to 1,600 images with same-concept distractors. AttrEcho also achieves 25.3% Top-1 and 53.0% Top-5 accuracy in inter-subject retrieval. These results highlight the importance of EEG-relevant visual attributes and spatially aligned fusion for fine-grained EEG-to-image retrieval.