MIGONet: a multiple-input graph neural operator with solver-free discrete manufactured-solution training

원문 초록

Surrogate modeling of transport requires operators that capture the combined influence of spatially distributed sources and Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, together with training datasets that can be generated at low computational cost. This work presents MIGONet, a multiple-input graph neural operator, and a discrete method of manufactured solutions (MMS) that trains it without solving a partial differential equation, using steady heat conduction as the model problem. In the discrete MMS procedure, temperature fields are prescribed a priori, and the source terms and Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data are evaluated with the same discrete operators as the reference finite-difference method (FDM), so every training sample satisfies the discrete governing equations by construction. Because the boundary data are derived from each field, a Dirichlet or Neumann condition can be assigned to every boundary segment of every sample, and the boundary specification becomes an operator input. MIGONet supplies representations of the complete source field and boundary data to every node before local message passing. On the rectangular domain, it is compared with a version without the complete-source encoder (MIGONet-local) and with the multiple-input operator network MIONet, using the same training data. MIGONet achieves mean relative temperature errors of 10.31% and 10.64% for curved-wire and Gaussian-spot heating, compared with 45.97% and 48.34% for MIONet and 72.25% and 67.82% for MIGONet-local. For 10,000 samples, discrete MMS reduces data-generation time from 486.65 s to 3.15 s relative to matched iterative FDM labeling. Separately trained MIGONet models are also evaluated on L-shaped, disc-shaped, and ring-shaped domains.