Nominate-then-Adjudicate: LLM-Assisted One-Pass and Per-Instance MIP Solver Tuning

원문 초록

Parameter configurations control presolving, cut generation and branching strategies in mixed-integer programming (MIP) solvers, directly affecting solving efficiency. Effective configurations vary across instances, while searching for them online requires additional solver runs. We propose Nominate-then-Adjudicate: an empirical performance model (EPM) shortlists candidates from a fixed portfolio, and one large language model (LLM) call selects using static features, compressed formulation text and memory distilled from offline solver measurements. Text exposes distinctions omitted by the chosen aggregate features; selection requires no online candidate solves or foundation-model weight updates. Across sixteen synthetic families, adjudication improves on the EPM's top-ranked candidate (top-1), raising mean normalized performance score from 0.377 to 0.426 and the win rate against SCIP's default from 84.9% to 90.2%; all ten sequential batches show positive mean-score gains. On 400 Ecole instances, it outperforms the per-instance baseline ISAC+ in mean runtime-based score, with gains concentrated in facility location. Total solver time falls by 69.6% versus default, excluding LLM latency. Ablations support text and memory; a second LLM improves over top-1.