RiskFlow: Fast and Faithful Safety-Critical Traffic Scenario Generation

원문 초록

Safety-critical traffic scenario generation is essential for evaluating autonomous driving systems under rare but high-risk interactions. Existing diffusion-based methods offer strong controllability in closed-loop generation, but their iterative denoising process is computationally expensive and may accumulate sampling and guidance errors over long rollouts, causing unrealistic motion artifacts such as abnormal acceleration and off-road behavior. To address these issues, we propose RiskFlow, a closed-loop safety-critical traffic generation framework that reformulates future behavior generation as one-step flow transport in the action space during training. At test time, RiskFlow generates safety-critical interactions through a selective guidance procedure in which time-to-collision-based critical-agent ranking selects high-risk agents and an adversarial interaction objective directly refines their output actions. Vehicle-dynamics rollout and map-aware regularization then translate guided actions into feasible trajectories while discouraging off-road behavior. By intervening on selected agents in the output space, RiskFlow avoids repeated corrections of intermediate denoising states, thereby mitigating accumulated guidance errors and accelerating closed-loop scenario generation. Experiments on the nuScenes dataset under closed-loop evaluation show that RiskFlow achieves a strong adversariality-realism trade-off across multi-agent and long-horizon settings. Compared with representative baselines, RiskFlow consistently improves realism while maintaining competitive safety-critical generation capability, and substantially reduces inference time for evaluation.