On Seeding Watermarks to Detect Verbatim LLM Copy-Paste Responses

원문 초록

Large language models (LLMs) have made fluent essay writing, code drafting, and quiz answering instantly available to students at every level, from secondary school through graduate study. Many educators do not object to LLM use \emph{per~se}; what they need to detect is the case in which a student pastes the assignment prompt into a chatbot and submits the model's reply verbatim, without engaging with the work. Existing post-hoc AI-text detectors remain unreliable and have been shown to penalise non-native English writers, while output-side watermarks require cooperation from the model provider. We propose an alternative that the educator controls directly: an input-side watermark in which an invisible instruction is embedded inside the visible assignment prompt itself. An LLM that ingests the prompt verbatim quietly reads the hidden instruction and writes a tell-tale signature into its reply, exposing the copy-and-paste pathway specifically. We describe SteganoPrompt, a single-page, zero-dependency web tool that encodes an arbitrary printable-ASCII payload into the deprecated Unicode Tags block (\texttt{U+E0000}--\texttt{U+E007F}). The encoded string is visually identical to the original, survives common copy-paste channels (Word, Google Docs, PDF, Markdown, Slack, e-mail, the major learning-management systems), and is tokenized as ordinary text by most frontier models. We evaluate compliance across eight LLM families and a representative set of educational content channels. To keep deployment transparent, disclosure is built into the tool itself: every encoded brief also carries a brief, always-on academic-integrity reminder for the student, and we set out concrete guidance recommending for its disclosed, ethical use in the classroom. The tool is released under the MIT licence at https://ezharjan.github.io/SteganoPrompt/.