Ghosted Layers: Unconstrained Activation Alignment for Recovering Layer-Pruned LLMs

원문 초록

Layer pruning removes entire Transformer decoder blocks from large language models, but introduces a mismatch between the hidden state received by the next surviving layer and the distribution it was trained to process, leading to significant performance degradation. We propose Ghosted Layers, a training-free recovery module that addresses this issue by solving a boundary activation alignment problem. Our method derives a closed-form optimal linear operator from a small calibration set to reconstruct the activation discrepancy introduced by the pruned layers. We show that this solution corresponds to the unconstrained optimum of the alignment objective, whereas LinearPatch is restricted to a fixed basis symmetric operator family. Across multiple LLM backbones, pruning strategies, and pruning depths, Ghosted Layers outperforms prior training-free recovery methods in accuracy and perplexity in most settings while preserving the efficiency benefits of layer pruning.