Reliable Chain-of-Thought via Prefix Consistency

원문 초록

Large language models often improve accuracy on reasoning tasks by sampling multiple chain-of-thought (CoT) traces and aggregating them with majority voting, a test-time technique called self-consistency. When we truncate a CoT partway through and regenerate the remainder, we observe that traces with correct answers reproduce their original answer more often than traces with wrong answers. We use this difference as a reliability signal, prefix consistency, that weights each candidate answer by how often it reappears under regeneration. It requires no access to token log-probabilities or self-rating prompts. Across five reasoning models and four math and science benchmarks, prefix consistency is the best correctness predictor in most settings, and reweighting votes by this signal reaches the plateau accuracy of majority voting with up to $21\times$ fewer tokens (median $4.6\times$). Our code is available at https://github.com/naoto-iwase/prefix-consistency.