No Triangulation Without Representation: Generalization in Topological Deep Learning

원문 초록

Despite an ever-increasing interest in topological deep learning models that target higher-order datasets, there is no consensus on how to evaluate such models. This is exacerbated by the fact that topological objects permit operations, such as structural refinements, that are not appropriate for graph data. In this work, we extend MANTRA, a benchmark dataset containing manifold triangulations, to a larger class of manifolds with more diverse homeomorphism types. We show that, contrary to prior claims, graph neural networks can saturate the benchmark, while higher-order message passing methods lag behind. However, we find that this is contingent on the right representation and feature assignment, emphasizing their importance in baseline models. Hence, we present a novel evaluation protocol based on representational diversity and triangulation refinement. Even when including refinement-like changes in the training data, existing models fail to generalize beyond the combinatorial structure of the data. This points towards a research gap in developing models that understand topological structure independent of scale. Our work thus provides the necessary scaffolding to evaluate future models and enable the development of topology-aware inductive biases.