Geometry-aware similarity metrics for neural representations on Riemannian and statistical manifolds

원문 초록

Similarity measures such as centred kernel alignment (CKA) or representational similarity analysis (RSA) are widely used to compare the representational geometries employed by different neural networks to solve the same task. Yet, because existing methods compare the extrinsic geometry of representations in state space, rather than their intrinsic geometry, they may fail to capture subtle yet crucial distinctions between fundamentally different computations. Here, we introduce metric similarity analysis (MSA), a novel method which leverages tools from Riemannian geometry to compare the intrinsic geometry of neural representations under the manifold hypothesis. We show that MSA can be used to (i) disentangle neural computations of deep networks in rich vs. lazy learning regimes, (ii) compare the dynamics of recurrent neural networks and state-space models, and (iii) investigate the statistical manifolds of diffusion models. Overall, we introduce a mathematically grounded and broadly applicable framework to understand the mechanisms behind neural computations by contrasting their intrinsic geometries.