Self-Aware Object Detection via Degradation Manifolds

원문 초록

Object detectors achieve strong performance under nominal imaging conditions but can fail silently when exposed to blur, noise, compression, adverse weather, or resolution changes. In safety-critical settings, it is therefore insufficient to produce predictions without assessing whether the input remains within the detector's nominal operating regime, which we refer to as self-aware object detection. We introduce a degradation-aware framework based on degradation manifolds, which structure a detector's feature space according to image degradation rather than semantic content. Our method augments a standard detection backbone with a lightweight embedding head trained via multi-layer contrastive learning, where images sharing the same degradation composition are pulled together while differing configurations are separated. Unlike prior contrastive IQA approaches, our method performs detector-aligned input-fidelity monitoring: it uses task-backbone features and a nominal prototype to detect degradation-induced shifts, rather than estimating perceptual image quality in a standalone representation. To anchor the representation, we estimate a pristine prototype from clean training embeddings, defining a nominal operating point in feature space. Self-awareness is then derived as geometric deviation from this reference, providing an intrinsic image-level signal of degradation-induced shift that is independent of detection confidence. Experiments on synthetic corruptions, cross-dataset zero-shot transfer, and natural weather-induced shifts show strong pristine-degraded separability, consistent behavior across detector architectures, and robust generalization across datasets with substantial content variation. These results suggest that degradation-aware detector representations provide a reliable signal for monitoring input-fidelity shifts.