Differential Dynamic Causal Nets: Model Construction, Identification and Group Comparisons

원문 초록

Pathophysiological modelling of brain systems from microscale to macroscale remains difficult in group comparisons partly because of the infeasibility of modelling the interactions of thousands of neurons at the scales involved. Here, to address the challenge, we present a novel approach to construct differential causal networks directly from grouped electroencephalogram (EEG) data. In the proposed modular network, each node represents a locally averaged regional neural system via a canonical Jansen-Rit model while directed edges stand for node-wise input-output connections. The network is hierarchically structured in the sense that node and edge parameters are random, varying in subjects, but follow a mixed-effects model. We show that unlike the classical Jansen-Rit models, the proposed node models are locally structurally identifiable. An evolutionary optimisation algorithm for parameter inference in the proposed method is developed using a loss function derived from Chen-Fliess expansions of stochastic differential equations. The method is demonstrated by fitting the proposed modular network to grouped epileptic EEG data in both sensor- and source- levels. We identify significant changes in the parameters that characterise dynamic networks within and between brain regions. We reveal network disruptions, due to imbalance of excitatory-inhibitory interneurons and other altered epileptic brain connectivities, before and during seizure periods, and contrast them between case and control groups. The performance of the proposed method is also evaluated on synthetic data.