기법

Poker is a game of skill that uses probability concepts based on true randomization and, to some extent, opponent behavioral psychology. In the current AI era, NLP and other data science methods play a vital role for players as well as game operators to offer secure, non-breachable software solutions. Current studies show that there is only one company called Poker Script that uses NLP algorithms and data science methods to provide one hundred percent randomized card shuffling as well as pattern analysis. Poker Script is a top-rated poker software developer, using modern technology, security protocols, and scaling methods that are highly useful for operating online poker software. For 2024, <a href="https://www.pokerscript.net/">Poker Script</a> is nominated as one of the best poker software developers, catering to over 100 casinos for their online poker business. The core engine is designed with cryptographic encryption that makes it almost impossible to guess any outcomes, whether the player card or the community card, even during the evening combination. Are you looking to hire a poker developer? Poker Script is the right team you can rely on. They will provide you with the right consultation and solution plan, allowing you to visualize how your final product will look and understand the technicalities involved. Their code walk-throughs and product demonstrations are top-notch. You can also buy their ready product, which is capable of handling 20,000 to 30,000 online players with normal server configuration. Don't hesitate to contact them. Visit the website, connect with a representative, and discuss your requirements.

Transformers have found extensive applications across various domains due to the powerful fitting capabilities. This success can be partially attributed to their inherent nonlinearity. Thus, in addition to the ReLU function employed in the original transformer architecture, researchers have explored alternative modules such as GeLU and SwishGLU to enhance nonlinearity and thereby augment representational capacity. In this paper, we propose a novel category of polynomial composition activations (PolyCom), designed to optimize the dynamics of transformers. Theoretically, we provide a comprehensive mathematical analysis of PolyCom, highlighting its enhanced expressivity and efficacy relative to other activation functions. Notably, we demonstrate that networks incorporating PolyCom achieve the \emph{optimal approximation rate}, indicating that PolyCom networks require minimal parameters to approximate general smooth functions in Sobolev spaces. We conduct empirical experiments on the pre-training configurations of large language models (LLMs), including both dense and sparse architectures. By substituting conventional activation functions with PolyCom, we enable LLMs to capture higher-order interactions within the data, thus improving performance metrics in terms of accuracy and convergence rates. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, showing substantial improvements over other activation functions. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/BryceZhuo/PolyCom}.

Please enter a description about the method here

A method to disentangle pose from other factors in a scene.

Powerpropagation is a weight-parameterisation for neural networks that leads to inherently sparse models. Exploiting the behaviour of gradient descent, it gives rise to weight updates exhibiting a “rich get richer” dynamic, leaving low-magnitude parameters largely unaffected by learning.In other words, parameters with larger magnitudes are allowed to adapt faster in order to represent the required features to solve the task, while smaller magnitude parameters are restricted, making it more likely that they will be irrelevant in representing the learned solution. Models trained in this manner exhibit similar performance, but have a distribution with markedly higher density at zero, allowing more parameters to be pruned safely.

Prescribed GANs add noise to the output of a density network and optimize an entropy-regularized adversarial loss. The added noise renders tractable approximations of the predictive log-likelihood and stabilizes the training procedure. The entropy regularizer encourages PresGANs to capture all the modes of the data distribution. Fitting PresGANs involves computing the intractable gradients of the entropy regularization term; PresGANs sidestep this intractability using unbiased stochastic estimates.

PrivacyNet is a GAN-based semi-adversarial network (SAN) that modifies an input face image such that it can be used by a face matcher for matching purposes but cannot be reliably used by an attribute classifier. PrivacyNet allows a person to choose specific attributes that have to be obfuscated in the input face images (e.g., age and race), while allowing for other types of attributes to be extracted (e.g., gender).

Lung cancer classification in screening computed tomography (CT) scans is one of the most crucial tasks for early detection of this disease. Many lives can be saved if we are able to accurately classify malignant/cancerous lung nodules. Consequently, several deep learning based models have been proposed recently to classify lung nodules as malignant or benign. Nevertheless, the large variation in the size and heterogeneous appearance of the nodules makes this task an extremely challenging one. We propose a new Progressive Growing Channel Attentive Non-Local (ProCAN) network for lung nodule classification. The proposed method addresses this challenge from three different aspects. First, we enrich the Non-Local network by adding channel-wise attention capability to it. Second, we apply Curriculum Learning principles, whereby we first train our model on easy examples before hard ones. Third, as the classification task gets harder during the Curriculum learning, our model is progressively grown to increase its capability of handling the task at hand. We examined our proposed method on two different public datasets and compared its performance with state-of-the-art methods in the literature. The results show that the ProCAN model outperforms state-of-the-art methods and achieves an AUC of 98.05% and an accuracy of 95.28% on the LIDC-IDRI dataset. Moreover, we conducted extensive ablation studies to analyze the contribution and effects of each new component of our proposed method.

Probabilistic anchor assignment (PAA) adaptively separates a set of anchors into positive and negative samples for a GT box according to the learning status of the model associated with it. To do so we first define a score of a detected bounding box that reflects both the classification and localization qualities. We then identify the connection between this score and the training objectives and represent the score as the combination of two loss objectives. Based on this scoring scheme, we calculate the scores of individual anchors that reflect how the model finds useful cues to detect a target object in each anchor. With these anchor scores, we aim to find a probability distribution of two modalities that best represents the scores as positive or negative samples as in the Figure. Under the found probability distribution, anchors with probabilities from the positive component are high are selected as positive samples. This transforms the anchor assignment problem to a maximum likelihood estimation for a probability distribution where the parameters of the distribution is determined by anchor scores. Based on the assumption that anchor scores calculated by the model are samples drawn from a probability distribution, it is expected that the model can infer the sample separation in a probabilistic way, leading to easier training of the model compared to other non-probabilistic assignments. Moreover, since positive samples are adaptively selected based on the anchor score distribution, it does not require a pre-defined number of positive samples nor an IoU threshold.

Protagonist Antagonist Induced Regret Environment Design, or PAIRED, is an adversarial method for approximate minimax regret to generate environments for reinforcement learning. It introduces an antagonist which is allied with the environment generating adversary. The primary agent we are trying to train is the protagonist. The environment adversary’s goal is to design environments in which the antagonist achieves high reward and the protagonist receives low reward. If the adversary generates unsolvable environments, the antagonist and protagonist would perform the same and the adversary would get a score of zero, but if the adversary finds environments the antagonist solves and the protagonist does not solve, the adversary achieves a positive score. Thus, the environment adversary is incentivized to create challenging but feasible environments, in which the antagonist can outperform the protagonist. Moreover, as the protagonist learns to solves the simple environments, the antagonist must generate more complex environments to make the protagonist fail, increasing the complexity of the generated tasks and leading to automatic curriculum generation.

The Quasi-Hyperbolic Momentum Algorithm (QHM) is a simple alteration of momentum SGD, averaging a plain SGD step with a momentum step. QHAdam is a QH augmented version of Adam, where we replace both of Adam's moment estimators with quasi-hyperbolic terms. QHAdam decouples the momentum term from the current gradient when updating the weights, and decouples the mean squared gradients term from the current squared gradient when updating the weights. In essence, it is a weighted average of the momentum and plain SGD, weighting the current gradient with an immediate discount factor $v\_{1}$ divided by a weighted average of the mean squared gradients and the current squared gradient, weighting the current squared gradient with an immediate discount factor $v\_{2}$. $$ \theta\_{t+1, i} = \theta\_{t, i} - \eta\left[\frac{\left(1-v\_{1}\right)\cdot{g\_{t}} + v\_{1}\cdot\hat{m}\_{t}}{\sqrt{\left(1-v\_{2}\right)g^{2}\_{t} + v\_{2}\cdot{\hat{v}\_{t}}} + \epsilon}\right], \forall{t} $$ It is recommended to set $v\_{2} = 1$ and $\beta\_{2}$ same as in Adam.

\begin{equation} QA\left( x \right) = \sigma\left( f\left( x \right)^{1x1} \right) + x \end{equation} Quick Attention takes in the feature map as an input WxHxC (Width x Height x Channels) and creates two instances of the input feature map then it performs the 1x1xC convolution on the first instance and calculates the sigmoid activations after that it is added with the second instance to generate the final attention map as output which is of same dimensions as of input.

R-Mix (Random Mix-up) is a Mix-up family Data Augmentation method. It combines random Mix-up with Saliency-guided mix-up, producing a procedure that is fast and performant, while reserving good characteristics of Saliency-guided Mix-up such as low Expected Calibration Error and high Weakly-supervised Object Localization accuracy.

RESCAL model trained with a relation prediction objective on top of the 1vsAll loss

The optimization field suffers from the metaphor-based “pseudo-novel” or “fancy” optimizers. Most of these cliché methods mimic animals' searching trends and possess a small contribution to the optimization process itself. Most of these cliché methods suffer from the locally efficient performance, biased verification methods on easy problems, and high similarity between their components' interactions. This study attempts to go beyond the traps of metaphors and introduce a novel metaphor-free population-based optimization method based on the mathematical foundations and ideas of the Runge Kutta (RK) method widely well-known in mathematics. The proposed RUNge Kutta optimizer (RUN) was developed to deal with various types of optimization problems in the future. The RUN utilizes the logic of slope variations computed by the RK method as a promising and logical searching mechanism for global optimization. This search mechanism benefits from two active exploration and exploitation phases for exploring the promising regions in the feature space and constructive movement toward the global best solution. Furthermore, an enhanced solution quality (ESQ) mechanism is employed to avoid the local optimal solutions and increase convergence speed. The RUN algorithm's efficiency was evaluated by comparing with other metaheuristic algorithms in 50 mathematical test functions and four real-world engineering problems. The RUN provided very promising and competitive results, showing superior exploration and exploitation tendencies, fast convergence rate, and local optima avoidance. In optimizing the constrained engineering problems, the metaphor-free RUN demonstrated its suitable performance as well. The authors invite the community for extensive evaluations of this deep-rooted optimizer as a promising tool for real-world optimization. The source codes, supplementary materials, and guidance for the developed method will be publicly available at different hubs at https://aliasgharheidari.com/RUN.html

Attack on image classifiers by a image solarization through greedy random search.

RandomRotate is a type of image data augmentation where we randomly rotate the image by a degree.

ReInfoSelect is a reinforcement weak supervision selection method for information retrieval. It learns to select anchor-document pairs that best weakly supervise the neural ranker (action), using the ranking performance on a handful of relevance labels as the reward. Iteratively, for a batch of anchor-document pairs, ReInfoSelect back propagates the gradients through the neural ranker, gathers its NDCG reward, and optimizes the data selection network using policy gradients, until the neural ranker's performance peaks on target relevance metrics (convergence).

The Rectified Linear Unit N, or ReLUN, is a modification of ReLU6 activation function that has trainable parameter n. $$ReLUN(x) = min(max(0, x), n)$$

RealFormer is a type of Transformer based on the idea of residual attention. It adds skip edges to the backbone Transformer to create multiple direct paths, one for each type of attention module. It adds no parameters or hyper-parameters. Specifically, RealFormer uses a Post-LN style Transformer as backbone and adds skip edges to connect Multi-Head Attention modules in adjacent layers.

ReasonBERT is a pre-training method that augments language models with the ability to reason over long-range relations and multiple, possibly hybrid, contexts. It utilizes distant supervision to automatically connect multiple pieces of text and tables to create pre-training examples that require long-range reasoning. Different types of reasoning are simulated, including intersecting multiple pieces of evidence, bridging from one piece of evidence to another, and detecting unanswerable cases. Specifically, given a query sentence containing an entity pair, if we mask one of the entities, another sentence or table that contains the same pair of entities can likely be used as evidence to recover the masked entity. Moreover, to encourage deeper reasoning, multiple pieces of evidence are collected that are jointly used to recover the masked entities in the query sentence, allowing for the scattering of the masked entities among different pieces of evidence to mimic different types of reasoning. The Figure illustrates several examples using such distant supervision. In Ex. 1, a model needs to check multiple constraints (i.e., intersection reasoning type) and find “the beach soccer competition that is established in 1998.” In Ex. 2, a model needs to find “the type of the band that released Awaken the Guardian,” by first inferring the name of the band “Fates Warning” (i.e., bridging reasoning type). The masked entities in a query sentence are replaced with the [QUESTION] tokens. The new pre-training objective, span reasoning, then extracts the masked entities from the provided evidence. Existing LMs like BERT and RoBERTa are augmented by continuing to train them with the new objective, which leads to ReasonBERT. Then query sentence and textual evidence are encoded via the LM. When tabular evidence is present, the structure-aware transformer TAPAS is used as the encoder to capture the table structure.

RegionViT consists of two tokenization processes that convert an image into regional (upper path) and local tokens (lower path). Each tokenization is a convolution with different patch sizes, the patch size of regional tokens is $28^2$ while $4^2$ is used for local tokens with dimensions projected to $C$, which means that one regional token covers $7^2$ local tokens based on the spatial locality, leading to the window size of a local region to $7^2$. At stage 1, two set of tokens are passed through the proposed regional-to-local transformer encoders. However, for the later stages, to balance the computational load and to have feature maps at different resolution, the approach uses a downsampling process to halve the spatial resolution while doubling the channel dimension like CNN on both regional and local tokens before going to the next stage. Finally, at the end of the network, it simply averages the remaining regional tokens as the final embedding for the classification while the detection uses all local tokens at each stage since it provides more fine-grained location information. By having the pyramid structure, the ViT can generate multi-scale features and hence it could be easily extended to more vision applications, e.g., object detection, rather than image classification only.

RelDiff generates entity-relation-entity embeddings in a single embedding space. RelDiff adopts two fundamental vector algebraic operators to transform entity and relation embeddings from knowledge graphs into entity-relation-entity embeddings. In particular, RelDiff can encode finer-grained information about the relations than is captured when separate embeddings are learned for the entities and the relations.

ResNeXt-Elastic is a convolutional neural network that is a modification of a ResNeXt with elastic blocks (extra upsampling and downsampling).

A Residual SRM is a module for convolutional neural networks that uses a Style-based Recalibration Module within a residual block like structure. The Style-based Recalibration Module (SRM) adaptively recalibrates intermediate feature maps by exploiting their styles.

RetinaMask is a one-stage object detection method that improves upon RetinaNet by adding the task of instance mask prediction during training, as well as an adaptive loss that improves robustness to parameter choice during training, and including more difficult examples in training.

Invertible multi-input multi-output coupling module. In RevBiFPN it is used as a bidirectional multi-scale feature pyramid fusion module that is invertible.

Region of Interest Warping, or RoIWarp, is a form of RoIPool that is differentiable with respect to the box position. In practice, this takes the form of a RoIWarp layer followed by a standard Max Pooling layer. The RoIWarp layer crops a feature map region and warps it into a target size by interpolation.

Robust Predictable Control, or RPC, is an RL algorithm for learning policies that uses only a few bits of information. RPC brings together ideas from information bottlenecks, model-based RL, and bits-back coding. The main idea of RPC is that if the agent can accurately predict the future, then the agent will not need to observe as many bits from future observations. Precisely, the agent will learn a latent dynamics model that predicts the next representation using the current representation and action. In addition to predicting the future, the agent can also decrease the number of bits by changing its behavior. States where the dynamics are hard to predict will require more bits, so the agent will prefer visiting states where its learned model can accurately predict the next state.

This method introduces the aggregated dense block within the squeeze excitation block to enhance representation. The squeeze method compresses the input flow and sends it to excitation with dense layers to regain its shape. The paper introduces multiple dense layers stacked side by side, similar to ResNeXt. This learns global representations from the condensed information which enhances the representational power of the network.